"Looking for a way to bolster its influence in Texas, Arkansas and Oklahoma, the Confederate South turned to Albert Pike to negotiate a treaty with the Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes.

On July 12, 1861, Pike and the two tribes signed a treaty with 64 terms.

Among the terms, Confederate troops would protect the tribes from attack and would not abandon or desert them.

The Confederacy guaranteed ownership of land held by the two tribes forever and would never attempt to sell it.

The tribes granted the Confederacy right of way for railroads and telegraph lines."

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Treaty signed with tribes (The Springfield News-Leader 7/12)