{"id":328993,"date":"2025-12-08T20:49:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-09T02:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/?p=328993"},"modified":"2025-12-11T18:19:13","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T00:19:13","slug":"defense-bill-snubs-indian-country-in-favor-of-lumbee-federal-recognition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2025\/12\/08\/defense-bill-snubs-indian-country-in-favor-of-lumbee-federal-recognition\/","title":{"rendered":"Defense bill snubs Indian Country in favor of Lumbee federal recognition"},"content":{"rendered":"<a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2025\/12\/08\/defense-bill-snubs-indian-country-in-favor-of-lumbee-federal-recognition\/lumbeetribe-6\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-329466\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"329466\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2025\/12\/08\/defense-bill-snubs-indian-country-in-favor-of-lumbee-federal-recognition\/lumbeetribe-6\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/09\/LumbeeTribe-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2048,1536\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Lumbee Tribe\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Lumbee Tribe&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Representatives of the Lumbee Tribe attend a Senate Committee on Indian Affairs legislative hearing on S.107, the Lumbee Fairness Act, in Washington, D.C., on November 5, 2025. Photo by Indianz.Com &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/&quot;&gt;(CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/09\/LumbeeTribe-2.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/09\/LumbeeTribe-2.jpg\" alt=\"Lumbee Tribe\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" class=\"size-full wp-image-329466\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"figure-caption\"> Representatives of the Lumbee Tribe attend a Senate Committee on Indian Affairs legislative hearing on S.107, the Lumbee Fairness Act, in Washington, D.C., on November 5, 2025. Photo by Indianz.Com <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">(CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)<\/a><\/figcaption>\r\n<div class=\"h3-responsive font-weight-bold\">Defense bill snubs Indian Country in favor of Lumbee federal recognition<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"date\">Monday, December 8, 2025<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"byline\">By Acee Agoyo<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"source\">Indianz.Com<\/div>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<strong>CORRECTION:<BR>\r\nThe current version of the Truth and Healing Commission on Indian Boarding School Policy Act  is  <a href=https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/119th-congress\/senate-bill\/761>S.761<\/a>. The bill was introduced by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.murkowski.senate.gov\/\">Sen. Lisa Murkowski<\/a> (R-Alaska) on February 26, 2025. An earlier version of this story described and linked to a prior version of the bill.<\/strong>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nIndian Country is on the losing end of the stick with the release of a must-pass defense bill that was negotiated behind closed doors.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nTribes and their advocates anticipated the inclusion of several pro-tribal provisions in the <a href=https:\/\/mikejohnson.house.gov\/news\/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=2785>National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026<\/a>. But they learned on Sunday that none of the measures &#8212; including one to address the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Indian_boarding_schools\">genocidal Indian boarding school era<\/a> &#8212; made it into the final package.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nIn fact, the only provision of interest in the defense bill, <a href=\"https:\/\/armedservices.house.gov\/news\/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=6359\">commonly known as the NDAA<\/a>, reflects one of President Donald Trump&#8217;s priorities. A controversial measure to extend federal recognition to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lumbeetribe.com\/\">Lumbee Tribe<\/a> in North Carolina can be found in the  3,086-page package  &#8212; an achievement being credited to the involvement of the White House.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;The Lumbee Fairness Act is now included in the final National Defense Reauthorization Act (NDAA) draft heading to votes in the House and Senate in the next two weeks,&#8221; <a href=https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid02mRQ5MkkpJAcZ46TsSmR6KtqN2WenjjRHseXqktxqN2Bv9W2juwHC4SEV7Yr361KDl&#038;id=100082023654573>Lumbee Chairman John Lowery said on Sunday night<\/a>, shortly after the text of the measure was released.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;We move forward with hope and determination, standing shoulder-to-shoulder with our friends in Congress and the White House to secure final passage,&#8221; Lowery continued. &#8220;I remain deeply involved every step of the way, helping unite and focus all of our allies as we push toward this long-awaited victory.&#8221;\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;Keep the prayers going up as we know the enemy will continue to fight our efforts,&#8221; Lowery said, without explicitly stating the identity of the apparent &#8220;enemy.&#8221;\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fpermalink.php%3Fstory_fbid%3Dpfbid02mRQ5MkkpJAcZ46TsSmR6KtqN2WenjjRHseXqktxqN2Bv9W2juwHC4SEV7Yr361KDl%26id%3D100082023654573&#038;show_text=true&#038;width=500\" width=\"500\" height=\"292\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; web-share\"><\/iframe>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nBut   as Congress prepares to go home for the Christmas holiday, the <a href=\"https:\/\/boardingschoolhealing.org\/the-indian-boarding-school-commission-bill\/\">Truth and Healing Commission on Indian Boarding School Policy Act<\/a> is among those on the short end of the stick. The bipartisan bill would begin to hold the United States accountable for the forced removals of children from their tribal communities during the boarding school era.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;Last night, our U.S. Truth &#038; Healing bill, along with a few other Native bills, were included in the NDAA,&#8221; Deborah Parker, the Chief Executive Officer of the <a href=\"https:\/\/boardingschoolhealing.org\/\">National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition<\/a> (NABS), said on <a href=https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/deborah.parker.12532\/posts\/pfbid0y55kEtCbYkueh878qTLn8N7Q2cXtvJPbWfNaWEXJHoT8zDRTAuT745pm6odQHtgFl>Sunday<\/a>.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;By this morning, I was informed only the Lumbee bill is being considered,&#8221; said Parker, a citizen of the Tulalip Tribes.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nThe snubbing of Indian Country in the NDAA follows nearly a year of policy setbacks at the national level. From the loss of millions of dollars in federal funds  to the longest government shutdown in U.S. history, tribes have seen few achievements in Washington, D.C., whether it be in the executive branch or the legislative &#8212; both of which have been controlled by Republicans since the start of 2025.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nBut the inclusion of the Lumbee Fairness Act in the defense bill stands to benefit a group that has closely aligned itself with the Republican movement. From Chairman Lowery&#8217;s appearance with President Trump at the White House last week to claims that one of Trump&#8217;s five children is Lumbee, the so-called People of the Dark Water made a big bet on the Grand Old Party.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;We have used every tool at our disposal to secure recognition in this year\u2019s NDAA,&#8221; <a href=https:\/\/markharris.house.gov\/media\/press-releases\/congressman-mark-harris-champions-lumbee-fairness-act-ndaa>said\r\n Rep. Mark Harris<\/a> (R-North Carolina), one of the Republican co-sponsors of the Lumbee Fairness Act. &#8220;I\u2019m deeply grateful to President Trump for his longstanding championship of the Lumbee Tribe and for working across both chambers of Congress to deliver the full federal recognition and rights our people deserve.&#8221;\r\n<P><\/p>\r\n&#8220;Now is the time &#8212; let\u2019s get it over the finish line!\u201d said Harris.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fprincipalchiefmichellhicks%2Fposts%2Fpfbid034SYnXfofpsGBRGDv95b843C6ff8Ye5aARPa4GGcr9Vfv1q3w91rUB2WquouBRb9yl&#038;show_text=true&#038;width=500\" width=\"500\" height=\"497\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; web-share\"><\/iframe><P><\/P>\r\nDespite the high-level support, federal recognition for the Lumbees remains highly controversial due to uncertainties about their origins. Over the past century, the group has identified and associated itself with  such diverse and  divergent Indian groups as the <a href=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Croatan>Croatan<\/a>, the <a href=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cherokee>Cherokee<\/a> and the <a href=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuscarora_people>Tuscarora<\/a>.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;Every sovereign Tribal Nation in this country has been required to prove its identity, lineage, history, and continuous governance,&#8221; Principal Chief Michell Hicks of the <a href=https:\/\/www.ebci.gov\/>Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians<\/a>, said in a <a href=https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/principalchiefmichellhicks\/posts\/pfbid034SYnXfofpsGBRGDv95b843C6ff8Ye5aARPa4GGcr9Vfv1q3w91rUB2WquouBRb9yl>statement on Monday<\/a>. &#8220;The Lumbee have not met any of those standards, and their repeated refusal to undergo federal verification threatens the credibility of the entire process.&#8221;\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nMore  recently, the Lumbees settled on claiming descent from the historic  <a href=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheraw>Cheraw<\/a> tribe. Last month, the <a href=https:\/\/indian.senate.gov\/>Senate Committee on Indian Affairs<\/a> was told that the group is the same as the &#8220;Cheraw&#8221; people who were living around the present-day Lumber River in North Carolina in the early 1700s.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;We have been there ever since. It&#8217;s the same community, regardless of the name,&#8221;   Arlinda Locklear, a Lumbee citizen who has been working on the tribe&#8217;s bid for federal recognition for 40 years, told the committee at a hearing in Washington, D.C., on November 5.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThe Lumbees, however, have struggled to explain how they have maintained their claimed Cheraw identity. At the hearing, Locklear was asked about the group&#8217;s language but never provided a direct answer, instead suggesting the federal government is to blame for the lack of knowledge.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nLocklear said the  &#8220;noted linguist&#8221; <a href=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ella_Cara_Deloria>Ella Deloria<\/a> visited the Lumbees &#8220;for the purpose of studying the remnants that remained of tribal languages.&#8221;  Deloria, who was from the Yankton Sioux Tribe in South Dakota, was sent to    North Carolina by the U.S. government to study the group, who had yet to adopt the &#8220;Lumbee&#8221; name.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;She made note in 1940 that those remnants existed and her purpose was to establish a dictionary,&#8221; Locklear testified. &#8220;She did not complete that work because she was not able to get funding.&#8221;\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"card border border-primary shadow-0\">\r\n<div class=\"card-body\">\r\n<h5 class=\"card-title\">\r\nTestimony: Legislative Hearing on S.107, the Lumbee Fairness Act  \r\n<\/h5>\r\n<a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2025\/11\/05\/testimony-john-lowery-of-lumbee-tribe\/>John Lowery<\/a> |\r\n<a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2025\/11\/05\/testimony-arlinda-locklear-of-lumbee-tribe\/>Arlinda Locklear<\/a> |\r\n<a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2025\/11\/05\/testimony-michell-hicks-of-eastern-band-of-cherokee-indians\/>Michell Hicks<\/a> |\r\n<a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/11-05-2025-testimony-michell-hicks-exhibits\/>Michell Hicks Exhibits<\/a> |\r\n<a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2025\/11\/05\/testimony-ben-barnes-of-shawnee-tribe\/>Ben Barnes<\/a> |\r\n<a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2025\/11\/05\/testimony-department-of-the-interior-written-statement\/>Department of the Interior<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nDespite the doubts, lawmakers from both parties have been eager to support the Lumbees ever since <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2009\/03\/19\/obamas_influence_felt_at_lumbe.asp>Democratic former president Barack Obama endorsed legislative recognition<\/a> for the group more than 15 years ago. <a href=https:\/\/www.schatz.senate.gov\/>Sen. Brian Schatz<\/a> (D-Hawaii), the Democratic vice chair of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, said he wasn&#8217;t bothered by the lack of a Lumbee language, for instance.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;Frankly, we work a fair amount on language revitalization and there are a lot of tribes that have very few Native speakers left  &#8212; or none,&#8221;   Schatz said in equating languages loss to language absence.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;And so none of this is disqualifying because frankly, many, many Native people across the country have experienced that,&#8221; said Schatz, who is a co-sponsor of the Lumbee Fairness Act.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nWith federal recognition, the Lumbees stand to gain a huge source of funding from the United States. The bill directs the <a href=https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/>Department of Health and Human Services<\/a>, which includes the <a href=https:\/\/www.ihs.gov\/>Indian Health Service<\/a> (IHS), to work directly with the tribe to come up with  a &#8220;determination of needs to provide the services for which members are eligible.&#8221;\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nWith over 60,000 enrolled members, the cost promises to be substantial. Based on  <a href=https:\/\/www.cbo.gov\/publication\/58584>estimates from the Congressional Budget Office<\/a>, providing IHS care to all of them would come to more than $102 million a year.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThe Lumbee Fairness Act also states that the Lumbees &#8220;shall be eligible for funding provided by the Department of the Interior and the Department of Human Services that is only available to newly federally recognized and restored Indian tribes.&#8221;\r\nThe <a href=https:\/\/www.bia.gov\/>Department of the Interior<\/a> includes the <a href=https:\/\/www.bia.gov\/>Bureau of Indian Affairs<\/a> (BIA).\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nAccording to the BIA, <a href=https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/crs-product\/IF13036>funding for a newly recognized tribe<\/a> is based on population, which in the case of the Lumbees is significant. &#8220;For a population in excess of 3,500, the funding level will be determined on a case by case\r\nbasis,&#8221; the <a href=https:\/\/www.bia.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/dup\/assets\/as-ia\/obpm\/2-OIS%20-%20New%20Tribes%20%28TPA%29.pdf>agency states<\/a>.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nAs a state recognized tribe, the Lumbees are already eligible for funding from federal  Indian housing programs. Last year, when Democratic former president Joe Biden was in office, Chairman Lowery celebrated a record  $28.7 million for the <a href=https:\/\/www.lumbeetribe.com\/housingdept>Lumbee housing department<\/a> -\u2014 representing an increase of $10 million from prior levels.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" allow=\"autoplay\" src=\"https:\/\/w.soundcloud.com\/player\/?url=https%3A\/\/api.soundcloud.com\/playlists\/soundcloud%253Aplaylists%253A2109507111&#038;color=%23ff5500&#038;auto_play=false&#038;hide_related=false&#038;show_comments=false&#038;show_user=false&#038;show_reposts=false&#038;show_teaser=false\"><\/iframe>\r\n<figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">\r\nIndianz.Com Audio: <a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2025\/11\/06\/audio-legislative-hearing-on-s-107-the-lumbee-fairness-act\/\" title=\"Legislative Hearing on S.107, the Lumbee Fairness Act\">Senate Committee on Indian Affairs &#8211; Legislative Hearing on S.107, the Lumbee Fairness Act &#8211; November 5, 2025<\/a><\/figcaption>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nAdditionally, the bill ensures that the <a href=https:\/\/www.bia.gov\/bia\/ots\/fee-to-trust>BIA can acquire land in trust<\/a> for the Lumbees  in four counties in North Carolina: Robeson, Cumberland, Hoke  and Scotland. The provision is significant   since even newly recognized tribes have been forced to prove their history following the <a href=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carcieri_v._Salazar>U.S. Supreme Court decision in <em>Carcieri v. Salazar<\/em><\/a> from 2009.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThe Lumbee Fairness Act  further states that land acquisitions in Robeson County, where the Lumbees are headquartered, are to be considered &#8220;on reservation&#8221; fee-to-trust applications. The language eases the way for the tribe to acquire land for education, health, housing and gaming purposes.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThe <a href=https:\/\/rules.house.gov\/>House Committee on Rules<\/a> is set to consider \r\n<a href=https:\/\/rules.house.gov\/sites\/evo-subsites\/rules.house.gov\/files\/documents\/rcp_xml-2.pdf>S.1017<\/a>, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, at a <a href=https:\/\/rules.house.gov\/bill\/119\/s-1071>meeting on Tuesday afternoon<\/a>. The swift consideration means the bill could   pass by the <a href=https:\/\/www.house.gov\/>U.S. House of Representatives<\/a> by the end of the week, possibly as soon as Wednesday. [docs.house.gov: <a href=https:\/\/docs.house.gov\/floor\/>Text of Bills for the Week of Dec. 8, 2025<\/a>]\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;The House bill contained a provision (Sec. 1733C) that\r\nwould extend Federal recognition to the Lumbee Tribe of North\r\nCarolina as an Indian Tribe,&#8221; a <a href=https:\/\/rules.house.gov\/sites\/evo-subsites\/rules.house.gov\/files\/documents\/fy26-ndaa-joint-explanatory-statement-final.pdf>joint exploratory statement<\/a> reads.\r\n&#8220;The Senate bill contained no similar provision.&#8221;\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n&#8220;The agreement includes the House provision with a clarifying amendment,&#8221; the statement continues.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nThe <a href=https:\/\/www.senate.gov\/>U.S. Senate<\/a> would then have to take up  the new version of the NDAA by passing <a href=https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/119th-congress\/senate-bill\/1017>S.1017<\/a>, which is expected to happen before the end of the year. Eastern Cherokee Chief Hicks is asking Indian Country to speak out in opposition, saying the very essence of tribal sovereignty is at risk.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n&#8220;What is at stake is not only federal cost, but the very legitimacy of sovereignty in Indian Country,&#8221; Hicks said on Monday. &#8220;Sovereignty itself becomes negotiable, and that is a line we cannot cross.&#8221;\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;It is equally alarming that the Lumbee recognition language elevates the Lumbee above the Truth and Healing Commission on Indian Boarding School Policies Act and the Wounded Knee Massacre Memorial and Sacred Site Act,&#8221; added Hicks, naming another pro-tribal bill that was left out of the NDAA. \r\n<p><\/p>\r\n &#8220;To sideline these historic commitments in favor of a group that has not proven descent or identity is unacceptable,&#8221; said Hicks, who testified at the hearing in D.C. last month.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/09\/NDAA-Lumbee-Fairness-Act-Sec-8803.pdf\" class=\"pdfemb-viewer\" style=\"\" data-width=\"max\" data-height=\"max\" data-toolbar=\"both\" data-toolbar-fixed=\"on\">NDAA-Lumbee-Fairness-Act-Sec-8803<\/a>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThe Lumbee Fairness Act is found in <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/ndaa-lumbee-fairness-act-sec-8803\/>Sec. 8803 of the NDAA<\/a>. It consists of eight pages that closely track the text of the version of the bill introduced in the House as <a href=https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/119th-congress\/house-bill\/474>H.R.474<\/a> and in the Senate as <a href=https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/119th-congress\/senate-bill\/107>S.107<\/a>.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nHowever, a number of  substantive changes were made to ensure the Lumbees can follow the fee-to-trust process at the BIA and to ensure the Lumbees are provided with federal funding. These provisions  were not considered by the House when it passed the Lumbee Fairness Act  during the prior session of Congress. \r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThe changes also were not part of the Lumbee Fairness Act  when the House inserted the bill into its version of the NDAA in September. Notably, the Senate has never passed a Lumbee recognition bill, either on its own or as part of another package.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThe Truth and Healing Commission on Indian Boarding School Policy Act was first introduced in Congress by <a href=https:\/\/www.warren.senate.gov\/>Sen. Elizabeth Warren<\/a> (D-Massachusetts). Notably,    President Trump  has long  treated her as an adversary,  repeatedly using <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2017\/11\/27\/president-trump-stuns-indian-country-wit.asp>name of a Native woman to deride   her<\/a>.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nWarren has remained a co-sponsor of the bill, introduced in the 119th Congress as <a href=https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/119th-congress\/senate-bill\/761>S.761<\/a>. <a href=https:\/\/www.murkowski.senate.gov\/>Sen. Lisa Murkowski<\/a> (R-Alaska), the Republican chair of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, is the lead sponsor. \r\n<P><\/p>\r\nThe Wounded Knee Massacre Memorial and Sacred Site Act has been introduced in the House as <a href=https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/119th-congress\/house-bill\/165>H.R.165<\/a> and in the Senate as <a href=https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/105>S.105<\/a>. The bill protects the site of the <a href=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wounded_Knee_Massacre>Wounded Knee Massacre<\/a> in South Dakota, where <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2024\/11\/18\/ryman-lebeau-rescind-the-wounded-knee-massacre-medals\/>U.S. Army soldiers massacred more than 300 Lakota women, children, elders and men<\/a>  on December 29, 1890. \r\n<p><\/p>\r\nDuring the prior session of Congress, <a href=https:\/\/www.tillis.senate.gov\/>Sen. Thom Tillis<\/a> (R-North Carolina) admitted that he was <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2024\/11\/22\/republican-lawmaker-blocks-wounded-knee-sacred-site-bill\/>blocking passage of the Wounded Knee bill<\/a> even though it is being championed by fellow Republicans.  He acknowledged doing so in order to get the Lumbee Fairness Act considered in the Senate.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">Senate Committee on Indian Affairs Video<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\">\r\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/EySALZQHB_I?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\">\r\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/HvLWHY-2TLE?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\">\r\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZPanVLHoCg8?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\">\r\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/I9G-gioGlgc?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\">\r\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/r5zKYJM2ND8?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\">\r\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mHwCs5bRHLI?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\">\r\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cT4kiWySkRw?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\">\r\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/i_4LS4LbtRo?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">Senate Committee on Indian Affairs Notice<\/div>\r\n<a href=https:\/\/www.indian.senate.gov\/hearings\/legislative-hearing-on-s-107-the-lumbee-fairness-act-before\/>Legislative Hearing on S.107, the Lumbee Fairness Act<\/a> (November 5, 2025)\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"h4-responsive\">Related Stories<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2025\/11\/06\/lumbee-tribe-presses-for-federal-recognition-amid-partisan-paralysis-in-nations-capital\/\" title=\"Lumbee Tribe presses for federal recognition amid partisan paralysis in nation\u2019s capital\">Lumbee Tribe presses for federal recognition amid partisan paralysis in nation\u2019s capital<\/a> (November 6, 2025)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2025\/11\/06\/video-legislative-hearing-on-s-107-the-lumbee-fairness-act\/\" title=\"VIDEO: Legislative Hearing on S.107, the Lumbee Fairness Act\">VIDEO: Legislative Hearing on S.107, the Lumbee Fairness Act<\/a> (November 6, 2025)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2025\/11\/06\/audio-legislative-hearing-on-s-107-the-lumbee-fairness-act\/\" title=\"AUDIO: Legislative Hearing on S.107, the Lumbee Fairness Act\">AUDIO: Legislative Hearing on S.107, the Lumbee Fairness Act<\/a> (November 6, 2025)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2025\/11\/05\/witness-list-for-senate-committee-on-indian-affairs-hearing-on-lumbee-fairness-act\/\" title=\"Witness list for Senate Committee on Indian Affairs hearing on Lumbee Fairness Act\">Witness list for Senate Committee on Indian Affairs hearing on Lumbee Fairness Act<\/a> (November 5, 2025)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2025\/11\/05\/testimony-john-lowery-of-lumbee-tribe\/\" title=\"TESTIMONY: John Lowery of Lumbee Tribe\">TESTIMONY: John Lowery of Lumbee Tribe<\/a> (November 5, 2025)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2025\/11\/05\/testimony-arlinda-locklear-of-lumbee-tribe\/\" title=\"TESTIMONY: Arlinda Locklear of Lumbee Tribe\">TESTIMONY: Arlinda Locklear of Lumbee Tribe<\/a> (November 5, 2025)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2025\/11\/05\/testimony-michell-hicks-of-eastern-band-of-cherokee-indians\/\" title=\"TESTIMONY: Michell Hicks of Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians\">TESTIMONY: Michell Hicks of Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians<\/a> (November 5, 2025)<\/div>\r\n<div 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href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2025\/05\/12\/lumbee-tribe-still-waiting-on-federal-recognition-report-as-trump-threatens-indian-country-funding\/\" title=\"Lumbee Tribe still waiting on federal recognition report as Trump threatens Indian Country funding\">Lumbee Tribe still waiting on federal recognition report as Trump threatens Indian Country funding<\/a> (May 12, 2025)<\/div><div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2025\/04\/22\/very-welcoming-and-enthusiastic-lumbee-tribe-awaits-word-from-washington-about-federal-status\/\" title=\"\u2018Very welcoming and enthusiastic\u2019: Lumbee Tribe awaits word from Washington about federal status\">\u2018Very welcoming and enthusiastic\u2019: Lumbee Tribe awaits word from Washington about federal status<\/a> (April 22, 2025)<\/div><div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2025\/01\/27\/president-trumps-love-for-lumbee-tribe-only-goes-so-far-in-fight-for-federal-recognition\/\" title=\"President Trump\u2019s \u2018love\u2019 for Lumbee Tribe only goes so far in fight for federal recognition\">President Trump\u2019s \u2018love\u2019 for Lumbee Tribe only goes so far in fight for federal recognition<\/a> (January 27, 2025)<\/div> \r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2024\/11\/08\/tribal-legitimacy-debates-far-from-settled-in-indian-country\/\" title=\"Tribal legitimacy debates far from settled in Indian Country\">Tribal legitimacy debates far from settled in Indian Country<\/a> (November 8, 2024)<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Indian Country is on the losing end of the stick with the release of a must-pass defense bill that was negotiated behind closed doors.","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":329466,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,12,20,13,1,9],"tags":[3586,5366,214,5635,391,117,418,925,736,3144,170,2781,94,118,75,419,6024,176,6110,6361,248,48,696,210,53,2593,186,175,211,718,1729,3653,184,85,6960,6111,6360,6961,6133,43,91,224,98,220,84,532,670],"class_list":["post-328993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","category-federal-recognition","category-indian-trust","category-law","category-national","category-opinion","tag-118th","tag-119th","tag-appropriations","tag-arlinda-locklear","tag-barack-obama","tag-bia","tag-boarding-schools","tag-brian-schatz","tag-carcieri","tag-cbo","tag-congress","tag-deborah-parker","tag-democrats","tag-doi","tag-donald-trump","tag-elizabeth-warren","tag-fy2026","tag-genocide","tag-h-r-165","tag-h-r-474","tag-hhs","tag-house","tag-housing","tag-ihs","tag-joe-biden","tag-john-lowery","tag-land-into-trust","tag-languages","tag-lisa-murkowski","tag-lumbee","tag-nabs","tag-ndaa","tag-north-carolina","tag-republicans","tag-s-1017","tag-s-105","tag-s-107","tag-s-4752","tag-s-761","tag-sacred-sites","tag-senate","tag-shutdown","tag-south-dakota","tag-sovereignty","tag-supreme-court","tag-thom-tillis","tag-wounded-knee","no-wpautop"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/09\/LumbeeTribe-2.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pcoJ7g-1nAl","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328993","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=328993"}],"version-history":[{"count":38,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328993\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":333978,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328993\/revisions\/333978"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/329466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=328993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=328993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=328993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}