{"id":25986,"date":"2022-07-11T11:44:26","date_gmt":"2022-07-11T15:44:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.indianz.com\/News\/?p=25986"},"modified":"2022-07-11T11:49:47","modified_gmt":"2022-07-11T15:49:47","slug":"albert-bender-report-examines-genocide-at-indian-boarding-schools","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/07\/11\/albert-bender-report-examines-genocide-at-indian-boarding-schools\/","title":{"rendered":"Albert Bender: Report examines genocide at Indian boarding schools"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\">\r\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent&#038;listType=playlist&#038;list=PLUZ4SOc8isRfX-feBM0WF-OSch4VwjV61\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">Indianz.Com Video: <a href=https:\/\/youtube.com\/playlist?list=PLUZ4SOc8isRfX-feBM0WF-OSch4VwjV61>Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative &#8211; May 11, 2022<\/a>\r\n<\/figcaption>\r\n<div class=\"h3-responsive font-weight-bold\">Indian boarding schools report details horror of Indigenous dispossession and genocide in U.S.<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"date\">Monday, July 11, 2022<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"byline\">By Albert Bender<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"source\">People's World<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"source-links\"><A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/www.peoplesworld.org\/\">peoplesworld.org<\/A><\/div>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThe recent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bia.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/dup\/inline-files\/bsi_investigative_report_may_2022_508.pdf\">Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative Investigative Report <\/a>has garnered mixed responses, ranging from being characterized as \u201cmonumental\u201d to being said to \u201cleave key questions unanswered.\u201d I would agree with both assessments, but would not fault the report with criticism.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nIt indeed is \u201cmonumental\u201d in that it is the first report of its kind in which the U.S. government admits responsibility for the 150-plus years of atrocities committed against Indigenous children in its boarding school \u201chellholes.\u201d On the other hand, there remain key unaddressed issues, but this is just volume one of the investigation\u2019s findings, and subsequent reporting may provide more answers.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThe sheer quantity of the work involved with producing the report was enormous; the research involved reviewing 98.4 million sheets of paper on Federal Indian boarding schools\u2014records, testimony, and other documents.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\" content_cards_card content_cards_domain_indianz-com\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"content_cards_image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_image_link\" href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/11\/volume-1-federal-indian-boarding-school-initiative-investigative-report\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/05\/1-1.png\" alt=\"Volume 1: Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative Investigative Report\">\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_title\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/11\/volume-1-federal-indian-boarding-school-initiative-investigative-report\/\">\n\t\t\tVolume 1: Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative Investigative Report\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_description\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_description_link\" href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/11\/volume-1-federal-indian-boarding-school-initiative-investigative-report\/\">\n\t\t\t<p>Find the 102-page Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative Investigative Report here.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_site_name\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.indianz.com\/favicon.ico\" alt=\"Indianz.Com\" class=\"content_cards_favicon\"\/>\t\tIndianz.Com\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n<P><\/p>\r\nThis first volume of the report, which is over 100 pages long, has already circulated around the world. It was submitted by Bryan Newland (Bay Mills Indian Community\u2014Ojibwe), Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs. This investigation of the Federal Indian Boarding School system was initiated by U.S. Secretary of Interior Deb Haaland (Laguna Pueblo) in the wake of the finding of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peoplesworld.org\/article\/grave-containing-215-indigenous-children-evidence-of-canadian-residential-school-genocide\/\">hundreds of unmarked graves in Canada<\/a> at former residential Indian schools in June 2021. The report covers not just U.S. Indian nations and Alaska Native Villages, but also the Native Hawaiian Community.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThe National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition (NABS), which advocates for boarding school survivors, also assisted in compiling the report. NABS is also pushing for the reintroduction of a bill in Congress to address the matter, a piece of legislation called the <a href=\"https:\/\/boardingschoolhealing.org\/truthcommission\/\">Truth and Healing Commission on Indian Boarding School Policies in the U.S. Act<\/a>.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThe report states that the U.S. government operated or supported 408 boarding schools in 37 states from 1819 to 1969, including 21 schools in Alaska and seven in Hawaii. So far, 500 graves (characterized as just \u201cThe Tip of the Iceberg\u201d in the document) have been found connected to 53 burial sites at various school locations. The Interior Department expects the number of marked and unmarked graves of children to rise into the \u201cthousands or tens of thousands,\u201d however, as the investigation progresses. Estimates run as high as 40,000 possible graves, indicating a huge number of children perished in these infernos of genocide.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/07\/09\/albert-bender-report-examines-genocide-at-indian-boarding-schools\/debhaaland-44\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26021\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1899\" data-attachment-id=\"26021\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/07\/11\/albert-bender-report-examines-genocide-at-indian-boarding-schools\/debhaaland-44\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/11\/DebHaaland-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1899\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;3.5&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;ILCE-7RM3&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1652290078&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;44&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;2500&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.008&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Deb Haaland\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Deb Haaland&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland greets Indian boarding school survivors at a press conference in Washington, D.C, on May 11, 2022. Photo: &lt;a href=https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/usinterior\/52079191903\/&gt;U.S. Department of the Interior&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/11\/DebHaaland-scaled.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/11\/DebHaaland-1024x760.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/11\/DebHaaland-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Deb Haaland\"   class=\"size-full wp-image-26021\" \/><\/a> <figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland greets Indian boarding school survivors at a press conference in Washington, D.C, on May 11, 2022. Photo: <a href=https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/usinterior\/52079191903\/>U.S. Department of the Interior<\/a><\/figcaption> <p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">The U.S. goal: Indigenous dispossession<\/div>\r\nMost eye-opening in the report is the admission that the boarding school system was directly aimed at taking Indian land, by an insidious, perfidious scheme that used so-called \u201ceducation\u201d as a cover. It was a prime vehicle for the dispossession of Native people, within the framework of settler colonialism. The main goal of the boarding school system was separating Indigenous people from Indigenous land. This is supported by an opening statement of the Initiative, given by Newland, which reads as follows:\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<em>\u201cThis report places the Federal boarding school system in its historical context, explaining that the United States established this system as part of a broader objective to dispossess Indian Tribes, Alaska Native Villages, and the Native Hawaiian Community of their territories to support the expansion of the United States.\u201d<\/em>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThis is a profound statement and lays the groundwork for the rest of the report. The overall goal of the boarding school system was to take Indian land by assimilation (cultural genocide), on the one hand, and the outright genocide (physical erasure) of Indigenous children on the other.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nFurther cited in the Initiative\u2019s report, in regard to Indian territorial dispossession, is the <a href=\"https:\/\/narf.org\/nill\/resources\/education\/reports\/kennedy\/toc.html\">Kennedy Report of 1969<\/a>, which held that Federal Indian boarding schools \u201cwere designed to separate a child from his reservation and family, strip him of his tribal lore and mores, force the complete abandonment of his native language, and prepare him for never again returning to his people.\u201d\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThe forcible assimilation\u2014i.e. cultural genocide\u2014implied the eventual absorption of the Native population into the non-Indian population. And with physical genocide, the Native population would be physically erased over time. Hence, the boarding system was a double-edged sword of genocide.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThis system was seen by the U.S. government as a means for taking of Indigenous homelands. The cultural and physical genocide of Native children was directed at generations of Native Americans who would either be assimilated or decimated. Hence, the goal of dispossession would be realized.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/07\/09\/albert-bender-report-examines-genocide-at-indian-boarding-schools\/americanindianrecordsrepository\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26022\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1708\" data-attachment-id=\"26022\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/07\/11\/albert-bender-report-examines-genocide-at-indian-boarding-schools\/americanindianrecordsrepository\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/11\/AmericanIndianRecordsRepository-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1708\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;3.5&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;ILCE-7RM3&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1652472045&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;70&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;2000&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.004&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"American Indian Records Repository\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;American Indian Records Repository&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The American Indian Records Repository in Lenexa, Kansas, prepares documents for the Indian boarding school investigation ordered by Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland. Photo: &lt;a href=https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/usinterior\/52084961595\/&gt;U.S. Department of the Interior&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/11\/AmericanIndianRecordsRepository-scaled.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/11\/AmericanIndianRecordsRepository-1024x683.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/11\/AmericanIndianRecordsRepository-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"American Indian Records Repository\"  class=\"size-full wp-image-26022\" \/><\/a> <figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">The American Indian Records Repository in Lenexa, Kansas, prepares documents for the Indian boarding school investigation ordered by Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland. Photo: <a href=https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/usinterior\/52084961595\/>U.S. Department of the Interior<\/a><\/figcaption><p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">Starvation as a weapon <\/div>\r\nAnother point brought out in the Initiative\u2019s report, but perhaps not so well known among the broader population in the U.S., was the practice of withholding food rations from families who would not submit their children to be carried off to the heinous schools. This writer was aware of this abominable practice but only became aware that this genocidal measure was actually enacted into law thanks to the report.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nShockingly, by the Act of March 3, 1893, Congress authorized the Secretary of the Interior to withhold rations, which were guaranteed by treaties, from Native families whose children did not attend the schools. An organization of white church leaders, social reformers, and government officials\u2014the misnamed Friends of the Indian, formed in 1883\u2014provided cover for the policy, stating that starvation was a proper punishment for Native families who refused to recognize \u201cwhat was good for them.\u201d\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nFamilies were threatened with starvation or starved into submission once dependency on government-supplied food was established on the reservations. This was inhuman, using starvation as a weapon to procure children. The U.S. government must be held accountable for its crimes.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">Intergenerational health legacy of the schools<\/div>\r\nAlso not widely known, but addressed in the findings, is the intergenerational long-term health effects on the families of boarding school survivors. Indigenous childhood school experiences fostered negative health impacts on adults who had been boarding school attendees. Studies show that American Indians who attended boarding schools have lower physical health levels than non-attendees.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nIndigenous boarding school children had a 44% greater count of past-year chronic physical health problems (PYCPHP) when reaching adulthood than adult non-attendees. Adults who were attendees were more likely to have cancer (more than three times), tuberculosis (more than twice), and were also more likely to have high cholesterol, diabetes, anemia, and gall bladder disease than non-attendee adults. Other research indicated that now-adult attendees experience increased risk of PTSD, depression, and unresolved grief.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThe further result, according to descriptions from survivors, was a \u201cprevailing sense of despair, loneliness, and isolation from family and community.\u201d The report asserts that stressors from boarding school experience can produce \u201cepigenetic alterations\u201d that are then transferred to the children of attendees, a process known as \u201cepigenetic inheritance.\u201d The trauma, then, became an inheritance passed down through generations.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThe report also references the Running Bear studies of 2019, funded by the National Institute of Health, authored by Dr. Ursula Running Bear, et al., entitled \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/318635932_Boarding_School_Attendance_and_Physical_Health_Status_of_Northern_Plains_Tribes\">Boarding School Attendance Response and Physical Health Status of Northern Plains Tribes<\/a>,\u201d which reinforce the assertion that Federal Indian boarding school policies \u201coften impacted several generations, \u201cleading to an intergenerational pattern of cultural and familial disruption under the direct and at times indirect support by the U.S. government of Federal and non-Federal entities.\u201d\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThis research was the first medical study to systematically and quantitatively prove that the Federal Indian boarding school system continues to negatively affect the health of adult boarding school survivors and their descendants.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\" content_cards_card content_cards_domain_indianz-com\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"content_cards_image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_image_link\" href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/11\/list-of-federal-indian-boarding-schools-as-of-april-1-2022\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/05\/flandreauindianschool-scaled-1.jpg\" alt=\"List of Federal Indian Boarding Schools as of April 1, 2022\">\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_title\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/11\/list-of-federal-indian-boarding-schools-as-of-april-1-2022\/\">\n\t\t\tList of Federal Indian Boarding Schools as of April 1, 2022\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_description\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_description_link\" href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/11\/list-of-federal-indian-boarding-schools-as-of-april-1-2022\/\">\n\t\t\t<p>Search for Indian boarding schools that have been identified by the Department of the Interior as part of the Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_site_name\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.indianz.com\/favicon.ico\" alt=\"Indianz.Com\" class=\"content_cards_favicon\"\/>\t\tIndianz.Com\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThe rest of the report details the abuse, the punishment for speaking Indigenous languages and any observance of cultural traditions, and the overall abhorrent conditions which Native children found themselves subjected to in these hellish versions of Dante\u2019s <em>Inferno<\/em>.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nAgain, this is only the first volume of the report, and more is expected to be uncovered. The second volume will be supported by a $7 million appropriation from Congress extending through fiscal year 2022. Newland is recommending that this next volume include a list of marked and unmarked burial sites at all Federal boarding schools, with the names, ages, and tribal affiliations of the children who attended those sites. The department also is requesting the disclosure of the approximate number of children who attended the boarding schools.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nAmong the other recommendations submitted by Newland are the continuance of the full investigation, identifying surviving Federal Indian Boarding School attendees, the documenting of school attendee experiences, and the promotion of Indian health research. Also, it is proposed that the department support an express policy of cultural revitalization, buttressing the efforts of Indigenous nations, the Alaska Native Villages, and the Hawaiian Native Community to revitalize their languages, cultural practices, and traditional food patterns.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nAdditionally, the report examines the part played by white religious organizations in the system and the overall role of the federal government in these barbaric, racist institutions that in many respects\u2014given the paucity of food, the constant overwork, the lack of medical care, and the severity of punishment for the slightest infractions\u2014were similar to the Nazi death camps of World War II. The key difference was that these were reserved for children and stretched out their horrors over time, but the objective was largely the same: genocide.\r\n<p><\/p><div class=\"mt-1 mb-1\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-8411603009680747\" data-ad-slot=\"6394965691\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div><p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">Boarding schools in historical context<\/div>\r\nGenocide as a concept has developed and evolved over the decades and must be updated and analyzed to concretely apply it to what happened over a century and a half in the Indian boarding schools at the hands of successive U.S. settler colonialist regimes of the 19th and 20th centuries.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThe U.S. boarding school system meets the definition of genocide established by the United Nations General Assembly\u2019s Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Article II of the Convention reads as follows:\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<blockquote><em>\u201cIn the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group, as such:<\/em>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<em>(a) Killing members of the group;<\/em>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<em>(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;<\/em>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<em>(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;<\/em>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<em>(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;<\/em>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<em>(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.\u201d<\/em>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThroughout the short tenure of the United States on the stage of world history, all of the above prohibited five acts have been utilized by the federal government against the Indigenous peoples of this land.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nSection (e) of Article II directly applies to the Indian boarding schools\u2014the forcible transferring of the children of one group, Indigenous Americans, to another group, white Americans. This involves by definition, not necessarily physical or biological destruction (although there was physical destruction in the boarding schools, judging by the huge numbers of Native children who perished), but rather the destruction of the group as a cultural and social unit.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThis typically occurs when children of the protected, victimized group are transferred to the perpetrator group. In the boarding school case, the goal of the U.S. was to \u201cde-Indianize\u201d the children and make them into carbon copies of white America, in effect a transferal to the perpetrator group. It amounted to the destruction of Native Americans as a distinct cultural and social entity. The children were given European names. The intent was to strip them of their culture, use them for manual labor, and transform them into \u201cbrown-skinned white folks,\u201d at least the ones who survived the excruciating gauntlet of the horrendous boarding schools.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\" content_cards_card content_cards_domain_indianz-com\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"content_cards_image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_image_link\" href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/11\/federal-indian-boarding-school-maps\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/05\/appendixc-02.png\" alt=\"Maps of Federal Indian Boarding School Sites\">\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_title\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/11\/federal-indian-boarding-school-maps\/\">\n\t\t\tMaps of Federal Indian Boarding School Sites\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_description\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_description_link\" href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/11\/federal-indian-boarding-school-maps\/\">\n\t\t\t<p>The Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative has identified 408 Indian boarding schools in 37 states. Here are maps of the school sites.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_site_name\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.indianz.com\/favicon.ico\" alt=\"Indianz.Com\" class=\"content_cards_favicon\"\/>\t\tIndianz.Com\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nOliver La Farge, the noted writer, scholar, and Indian rights advocate, condemned the boarding schools as \u201cpenal institutions\u2026where little children were sentenced to hard labor for a term of years\u2026.\u201d Only in the 1930s were children in the boarding schools even given enough food to alleviate starvation and had their hours of drudgery reduced. The <a href=\"https:\/\/narf.org\/nill\/resources\/meriam.html\">Meriam Report of 1928<\/a>, referenced in the investigation, found that boarding school children were cruelly starved on a diet of nine cents a day per child, received minimal medical care, were overcrowded, mercilessly overworked, and subjected to severe discipline.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nAs late as 1969, the Kennedy Report noted, that sexual, physical, and emotional abuse were prevalent, as were disease, malnourishment, overcrowding (at some schools there were two to three children sleeping in one bed), and lack of health care. This was well-documented.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nClearly, the boarding schools met the criteria of genocide in their ignominious attempt to exterminate an entire people. Genocide does not require that a people have been totally annihilated, but only that steps have been taken with that apparent objective in the mind of the perpetrator.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">Hitler\u2019s inspiration<\/div>\r\nIn conclusion, it is relatively well known that Adolf Hitler was inspired in his genocide of the Jewish people by the U.S. genocide of Native Americans. Hitler was very familiar with the abominable conditions imposed on Indigenous people by the U.S. settler colonialist state.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nHe praised the way that \u201cAryan\u201d America had conquered \u201cits own continent\u201d by clearing the land of \u201cnatives\u201d and remarked approvingly of how the United States had \u201cgunned down the millions\u201d of Indians to a \u201cfew hundred thousand, and now keep the modest remnant under observation in a cage.\u201d\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nHitler envisioned Nazi Germany as a settler colonialist state expanding eastward in the same vein as the United States had expanded west.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/07\/09\/albert-bender-report-examines-genocide-at-indian-boarding-schools\/debhaalandamericanindianrecordsrepository\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26027\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1708\" data-attachment-id=\"26027\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/07\/11\/albert-bender-report-examines-genocide-at-indian-boarding-schools\/debhaalandamericanindianrecordsrepository\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/11\/DebHaalandAmericanIndianRecordsRepository-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1708\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;3.5&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;ILCE-7RM3&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1652471830&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;28&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;2000&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.004&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Deb Haaland at the American Indian Records Repository\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Deb Haaland at the American Indian Records Repository&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland views Indian boarding school records at the American Indian Records Repository in Lenexa, Kansas on May 13, 2022. Photo: &lt;a href=https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/usinterior\/52083431342\/&gt;U.S. Department of the Interior&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/11\/DebHaalandAmericanIndianRecordsRepository-scaled.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/11\/DebHaalandAmericanIndianRecordsRepository-1024x683.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/11\/DebHaalandAmericanIndianRecordsRepository-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Deb Haaland at the American Indian Records Repository\"   class=\"size-full wp-image-26027\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"figure-caption\"> Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland views Indian boarding school records at the American Indian Records Repository in Lenexa, Kansas on May 13, 2022. Photo: <a href=https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/usinterior\/52083431342\/>U.S. Department of the Interior<\/a><\/figcaption>\r\n<P><\/p>\r\nAfter considerable reflection, this writer has little to no doubt that Hitler was aware of the horrendous treatment of Native children in U.S. boarding schools and used this as a model for the internment of Jewish people and others in his genocidal concentration camps.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThere must be recompense for the horrendous crime of genocide and its long term effects. There must be additional reflective recommendations to provide redress for over a century and a half of boarding school genocide and its ongoing legacy.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThis is an issue that will continue to be covered as more developments emerge.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<HR><EM>Albert Bender is a Cherokee activist, historian, political columnist, and freelance reporter for Native and Non-Native publications. He is currently writing a legal treatise on Native American sovereignty and working on a book on the war crimes committed by the U.S. against the Maya people in the Guatemalan civil war He is a consulting attorney on Indigenous sovereignty, land restoration, and Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) issues and a former staff attorney with Legal Services of Eastern Oklahoma (LSEO) in Muskogee, Oklahoma.<\/em><HR>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThis article originally appeared on <A \r\nhref=https:\/\/www.peoplesworld.org\/article\/indian-boarding-schools-report-details-horror-of-indigenous-dispossession-and-genocide-in-u-s\/>People's \r\nWorld<\/A>. It is published under a <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/us\/\">Creative \r\nCommons license<\/A>. \r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"h4-responsive\">Related Stories<\/div><div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/06\/27\/biden-administration-backs-indian-boarding-school-bill\/\" title=\"Biden administration backs Indian boarding school bill\">Biden administration backs Indian boarding school bill<\/a> (June 27, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/06\/15\/house-committee-on-natural-resources-markup-on-indian-country-bills-round-2\/\" title=\"House Committee on Natural Resources markup on Indian Country bills (Round Two)\">House Committee on Natural Resources markup on Indian Country bills (Round Two)<\/a> (June 15, 2022)<\/div><div class=\"related-story\"><a 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href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2021\/06\/22\/our-communities-are-still-mourning-secretary-haaland-announces-federal-indian-boarding-school-initiative\/\" title=\"\u2018Our communities are still mourning\u2019: Secretary Haaland announces federal Indian boarding school initiative\">\u2018Our communities are still mourning\u2019: Secretary Haaland announces federal Indian boarding school initiative<\/a> (June 22, 2021)<BR><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2021\/06\/22\/i-know-that-this-process-will-be-painful-secretary-haaland-announces-indian-boarding-school-review\/\" title=\"\u2018I know that this process will be painful\u2019: Secretary Haaland announces Indian boarding school review\">\u2018I know that this process will be painful\u2019: Secretary Haaland announces Indian boarding school review<\/a> (June 22, 2021)<BR><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2021\/06\/22\/secretary-haaland-addresses-national-congress-of-american-indians\/\" title=\"Secretary Haaland addresses National Congress of American Indians\">Secretary Haaland addresses National Congress of American Indians<\/a> (June 22, 2021)","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"There must be recompense for the horrendous crime of genocide and its long term effects.","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26021,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,20,13,14],"tags":[748,415,117,52,418,625,88,118,176,1729,416,278,102],"class_list":["post-25986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","category-indian-trust","category-law","category-politics","tag-abuse","tag-albert-bender","tag-bia","tag-bie","tag-boarding-schools","tag-bryan-newland","tag-deb-haaland","tag-doi","tag-genocide","tag-nabs","tag-peoples-world","tag-religion","tag-youth","no-wpautop"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/11\/DebHaaland-scaled.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pcoJ7g-6L8","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25986","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25986"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25986\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26021"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25986"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25986"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25986"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}