{"id":25566,"date":"2022-06-29T10:02:27","date_gmt":"2022-06-29T14:02:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.indianz.com\/News\/?p=25566"},"modified":"2022-06-30T10:14:28","modified_gmt":"2022-06-30T14:14:28","slug":"u-s-supreme-court-decision-in-oklahoma-v-castro-huerta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/06\/29\/u-s-supreme-court-decision-in-oklahoma-v-castro-huerta\/","title":{"rendered":"U.S. Supreme Court decision in Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta"},"content":{"rendered":"<a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/06\/29\/u-s-supreme-court-decision-in-oklahoma-v-castro-huerta\/ussupremecourt\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25688\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" data-attachment-id=\"25688\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/06\/29\/u-s-supreme-court-decision-in-oklahoma-v-castro-huerta\/ussupremecourt\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/29\/USSupremeCourt-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1920\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.2&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 12 Pro Max&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1656267032&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;7.5&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;20&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0005&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"U.S. Supreme Court\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;U.S. Supreme Court&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The U.S. Supreme Court is seen behind barricades on June 26, 2022. Photo by Indianz.Com &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/&quot;&gt;(CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/29\/USSupremeCourt-1024x768.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/29\/USSupremeCourt-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. Supreme Court\"   class=\"size-full wp-image-25688\" \/><\/a> <figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">The U.S. Supreme Court is seen behind barricades on June 26, 2022. The barricades were erected in response to protests over a controversial decision to limit the reproductive rights of women. Photo by Indianz.Com <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">(CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)<\/a><\/figcaption>\r\n<div class=\"h3-responsive font-weight-bold\">U.S. Supreme Court decision in <em>Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta<\/em><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"date\">Wednesday, June 29, 2022<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"byline\">By Acee Agoyo<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"source\">Indianz.Com<\/div>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nWASHINGTON, D.C. &#8212; \r\nThe <a href=https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov>U.S. Supreme Court<\/a> finally released a long-awaited decision in <a href=https:\/\/sct.narf.org\/caseindexes\/oklahoma_v_castro.html><em>Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta<\/em><\/a>, the last of three Indian law cases heard during a highly controversial session.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nBy a vote of 5 to 4 on Wednesday, the court held that the state of Oklahoma can exercise criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians who commit crimes in Indian Country. The decision is a setback for tribal interests who have been <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/26\/supreme-court-takes-up-contentious-indian-country-case-on-final-day-of-session\/>closely watching the contentious case<\/a>.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;The classification of eastern Oklahoma as Indian Country has raised urgent questions about which government or governments have jurisdiction to prosecute crimes commit\u00adted there,&#8221; Justice Brett Kavanaugh wrote in the <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/29\/21-429_8o6a-opinion.pdf>majority opinion<\/a> that embraced  the state&#8217;s relentless efforts to undermine tribal sovereignty following the <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2020\/07\/09\/on-the-far-end-of-the-trail-of-tears-nat.asp>Supreme Court&#8217;s historic ruling in the <EM>McGirt<\/em> case<\/a> exactly two years ago.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"300\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" allow=\"autoplay\" src=\"https:\/\/w.soundcloud.com\/player\/?url=https%3A\/\/api.soundcloud.com\/playlists\/1430761960&#038;color=%23ff5500&#038;auto_play=false&#038;hide_related=false&#038;show_comments=false&#038;show_user=false&#038;show_reposts=false&#038;show_teaser=false&#038;visual=true\"><\/iframe> \r\n<figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">Indianz.Com Audio: <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/27\/u-s-supreme-court-oklahoma-v-castro-huerta\/>U.S. Supreme Court \u2013 Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta &#8211; April 27, 2022<\/a>\r\n<\/figcaption>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nIn the decision, Kavanaugh pointed out that the &#8220;vast majority&#8221; of   residents in eastern Oklahoma are &#8220;not Indians.&#8221; He said the state can exercise concurrent jurisdiction over crimes they commit in Indian Country even though tribal governments with sovereignty over those lands never consented.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n&#8220;In short, the court\u2019s precedents establish that Indian Country is part of a state\u2019s territory and that, unless preempted, states have jurisdiction over crimes committed in Indian Country,&#8221; Kavanaugh wrote, citing a string of decisions going as far back as 1845 in which he said tribal reservations have long been considered to be &#8220;part of the surrounding state.&#8221;\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nThe majority opinion was joined by Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr.,  as well as Justices   Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito  and Amy Coney Barrett. All were nominated to the bench by Republican presidents, with the latter two only arriving to the Supreme Court in the last four years.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nJust last week, the same conservative bloc of justices  embraced a different view of the &#8220;court&#8217;s precedents&#8221; as they joined  together to <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/06\/24\/u-s-supreme-court-decision-in-dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization\/>deny women the constitutional right to an abortion<\/a>.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\" content_cards_card content_cards_domain_indianz-com\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"content_cards_image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_image_link\" href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/26\/supreme-court-takes-up-contentious-indian-country-case-on-final-day-of-session\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/29\/supremecourt-scaled-5.jpg\" alt=\"Supreme Court takes up contentious Indian Country case on final day of session\">\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_title\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/26\/supreme-court-takes-up-contentious-indian-country-case-on-final-day-of-session\/\">\n\t\t\tSupreme Court takes up contentious Indian Country case on final day of session\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_description\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_description_link\" href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/26\/supreme-court-takes-up-contentious-indian-country-case-on-final-day-of-session\/\">\n\t\t\t<p>The nation\u2019s highest court is set for another tribal sovereignty showdown as the state of Oklahoma continues efforts to weaken a landmark treaty rights decision.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_site_name\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.indianz.com\/favicon.ico\" alt=\"Indianz.Com\" class=\"content_cards_favicon\"\/>\t\tIndianz.Com\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nAlthough Justice Neil Gorsuch joined the supermajority in overturning precedents affecting a woman&#8217;s right to choose, he was not in agreement  with his colleagues when it comes to state sovereignty in <em>Castro-Huerta<\/em>. He <a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/29\/21-429_8o6a-dissent.pdf\">authored a dissent<\/a> that pointed back even further in the high court&#8217;s jurisprudence.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;The decision established a foundational rule that would persist for over 200 years: Native American tribes retain their sovereignty unless and until Congress ordains otherwise,&#8221; Gorsuch wrote, citing the historic ruling in  <a hrefhttps:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Worcester_v._Georgia><em>Worcester v. Georgia<\/em><\/a> back in  1823.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nIn <em>Worcester v. Georgia<\/em>, the Supreme Court barred the state of Georgia from exercising any sort of jurisdiction within the lands of the <a href=https:\/\/www.cherokee.org\/>Cherokee Nation<\/a>. But today, Gorsuch said his conservative colleagues have gone back on the promise that the U.S. government would respect, honor and uphold tribal sovereignty.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n&#8220;Where this court once stood firm, today it wilts,&#8221; Gorsuch observed.\r\n<P><\/p>\r\n&#8220;Where our predecessors refused to participate in one state\u2019s unlawful power grab at the expense of the Cherokee, today\u2019s court accedes to another\u2019s,&#8221; he added.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n&#8220;Respectfully, I dissent,&#8221; Gorsuch wrote simply.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"mt-1 mb-1\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-8411603009680747\" data-ad-slot=\"6394965691\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nGorsuch&#8217;s dissent was joined by Justices Stephen G. Breyer, Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan. All were nominated  to the Supreme Court by Democratic presidents.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nBreyer, who is one of the few sitting justices to have visited Indian Country, \r\nis <a href=https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WJrIctwX_Bg>retiring from the court<\/a> at the end of the current term. The final day for decisions is Thursday.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nThough Gorsuch was picked by a Republican president, his experience in Indian law is unprecedented for any justice. Two years ago, he the author of the  historic decision in <a href=https:\/\/sct.narf.org\/caseindexes\/mcgirt_v_ok.html><em>McGirt v. Oklahoma<\/em><\/a>, the one that recognized the continued existence of Indian Country in Oklahoma.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nSince the decision, the Republican governor of Oklahoma has bombarded the Supreme Court with requests to overturn <em>McGirt<\/em>. Every single petition has been  rejected &#8212;  except for <em>Castro-Huerta<\/em>, which was limited to one question alone: whether the state can prosecute non-Indians in Indian Country.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/01\/21\/supreme-court-surprises-by-taking-up-contentious-indian-law-case\/victormanuelcastrohuerta\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20219\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3132\" height=\"3570\" data-attachment-id=\"20219\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/01\/21\/supreme-court-surprises-by-taking-up-contentious-indian-law-case\/victormanuelcastrohuerta\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/21\/victormanuelcastrohuerta.png\" data-orig-size=\"3132,3570\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Victor Manuel Castro-Huerta\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Victor Manuel Castro-Huerta is serving a 35-year sentence for child abuse, according to the Oklahoma Department of Corrections. Screenshot from &lt;a href=https:\/\/okoffender.doc.ok.gov&gt;okoffender.doc.ok.gov&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/21\/victormanuelcastrohuerta-898x1024.png\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/21\/victormanuelcastrohuerta.png\" alt=\"Victor Manuel Castro-Huerta\"   class=\"size-full wp-image-20219\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"figure-caption\"> Victor Manuel Castro-Huerta had been serving a   35-year prison sentence  in the  state of Oklahoma for child abuse, according to the Oklahoma Department of Corrections. He has since been transferred to federal custody, where he remains pending resolution of his case in the federal system.   Screenshot from <a href=https:\/\/okoffender.doc.ok.gov>okoffender.doc.ok.gov<\/a><\/figcaption>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nThe non-Indian in this case is <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/26\/14712642227.pdf>Victor Manuel Castro-Huerta<\/a>, who  admitted in federal court to a <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/26\/14712840416.pdf>charge of child neglect<\/a> involving  a young victim. The crime occurred on the <a href=https:\/\/www.cherokee.org\/about-the-nation\/maps\/>reservation on the Cherokee Nation<\/a> in the northeastern part of Oklahoma.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nThe Supreme Court&#8217;s decision on Wednesday  does not immediately  affect Castro-Huerta&#8217;s prosecution in the  federal system, as the   ruling affirmed the &#8220;concurrent jurisdiction&#8221; of the U.S. government in certain cases that arise in Indian Country. He is due to be sentenced in August under a plea agreement that envisions a seven-year sentence.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nHowever, Castro-Huerta was previously prosecuted in  county court  in Oklahoma and has not yet completed his 35-year sentence for the crime. Under his federal plea, he is expected to be deported from the United States so the ruling creates a conflict that impacts  his future detention status.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nAnd while the state of Oklahoma told the Supreme Court that it was better equipped than the federal government to prosecute non-Indian criminals, Justice Gorsuch remains unconvinced. In his dissent, he cited a brief authored by former federal prosecutors who served in Democratic as well as Republican administrations that predicted &#8220;fewer police and more crime&#8221; under a system of concurrent state-federal jurisdiction.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\" content_cards_card content_cards_domain_indianz-com\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"content_cards_image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_image_link\" href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/03\/supreme-court-confirms-leak-as-authentic-amid-uncertainty-for-indian-country\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/29\/supremecourt-scaled-6.jpg\" alt=\"Supreme Court confirms leak as \u2018authentic\u2019 amid uncertainty for Indian Country\">\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_title\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/03\/supreme-court-confirms-leak-as-authentic-amid-uncertainty-for-indian-country\/\">\n\t\t\tSupreme Court confirms leak as \u2018authentic\u2019 amid uncertainty for Indian Country\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_description\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_description_link\" href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/03\/supreme-court-confirms-leak-as-authentic-amid-uncertainty-for-indian-country\/\">\n\t\t\t<p>An unprecedented leak from the nation&#8217;s highest court is coming amid extreme uncertainty for tribes and their sovereign rights.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_site_name\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.indianz.com\/favicon.ico\" alt=\"Indianz.Com\" class=\"content_cards_favicon\"\/>\t\tIndianz.Com\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nGorsuch also cited a brief submitted by the <a href=https:\/\/www.niwrc.org>National Indigenous Women\u2019s Resource Center<\/a>  that outlines how state jurisdiction in Indian Country has contributed to high rates of violence against women and children. And he pointed to the efforts of the bipartisan  <a href=https:\/\/www.aisc.ucla.edu\/iloc\/>Indian Law and Order Commission<\/a> and wrote that  &#8220;more state criminal jurisdiction in Indian Country is often not a good policy choice.&#8221;\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;Still, none of this finds its way into the court\u2019s cost \u00adbenefit analysis,&#8221; Gorsuch wrote, chastising his conservative colleagues for ignoring experts in Indian law and policy. \r\n<P><\/P>\r\nThe decision in <em>Castro-Huerta<\/em> comes after favorable rulings in the two other Indian law cases argued during the Supreme Court&#8217;s session.\r\nOn June 13, the justices held that <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/06\/14\/supreme-court-winds-down-big-term-with-first-indian-law-ruling\/>Indian defendants can be prosecuted in tribal and federal court<\/a> for the same crime due to inherent tribal sovereignty. The outcome in <a href=https:\/\/sct.narf.org\/caseindexes\/denezpi_v_us.html><EM>Denezpi v. United States<\/em><\/a> was 6 to 3, with  Justice Barrett authoring her first Indian law decision since joining the court less than two years ago.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nTwo days later on June 15,  the <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/06\/15\/supreme-court-strikes-back-at-state-in-long-running-tribal-sovereignty-dispute\/>high court  rebuked the state of Texas<\/a> in a long-running sovereignty dispute  with the <a href=https:\/\/www.alabama-coushatta.com\/>Alabama-Coushatta Tribe<\/a> and the <a href=https:\/\/www.ysletadelsurpueblo.org\/>Ysleta del Sur Pueblo<\/a>, also known as the Tigua Tribe. By a 5 to 4 vote, the justices confirmed that the two tribes can offer Class II forms of gaming  free of state interference. Justice Gorsuch authored the majority decision  in <a href=https:\/\/sct.narf.org\/caseindexes\/ysleta_del_sur_v_tx.html><em>Ysleta del Sur Pueblo v. Texas<\/em><\/a>  that recognized tribal sovereignty.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">U.S. Supreme Court Decision in <em>Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta<\/em><\/div>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/29\/21-429_8o6a-syllabus.pdf\">Syllabus<\/a> |\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/29\/21-429_8o6a-opinion.pdf\">Opinion [Kavanaugh]<\/a> |\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/29\/21-429_8o6a-dissent.pdf\">Dissent [Gorsuch]<\/a> |\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/29\/21-429_8o6a.pdf\">Complete Document<\/a>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">U.S. Supreme Court Documents in <em>Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta<\/em><\/div>\r\n<a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/29\/21-00429qp.pdf>Questions Presented<\/a>  | \r\n<a href=https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/Search.aspx?FileName=\/docket\/docketfiles\/html\/public%5C21-429.html>Docket Sheet: No. 21-429<\/a> | \r\n<a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/29\/21-429_3e04.pdf>Oral Argument Transcript<\/a> |\r\n<a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/26\/SupremeCourtDayCall042722.pdf>Day Call<\/a>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<div class=row><div class=col-10>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">Syllabus &#8211; <em>Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta<\/em><\/div>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/29\/21-429_8o6a-syllabus.pdf\" class=\"pdfemb-viewer\" style=\"\" data-width=\"max\" data-height=\"max\" data-toolbar=\"both\" data-toolbar-fixed=\"on\">21-429_8o6a-syllabus<\/a> \r\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n<p><\/P>\r\n<div class=row><div class=col-10>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">Opinion [Kavanaugh] &#8211; <em>Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta<\/em><\/div>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/29\/21-429_8o6a-opinion.pdf\" class=\"pdfemb-viewer\" style=\"\" data-width=\"max\" data-height=\"max\" data-toolbar=\"both\" data-toolbar-fixed=\"on\">21-429_8o6a-opinion<\/a> \r\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n<p><\/P>\r\n<div class=row><div class=col-10>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">Dissent [Gorsuch] &#8211; <em>Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta<\/em><\/div>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/29\/21-429_8o6a-dissent.pdf\" class=\"pdfemb-viewer\" style=\"\" data-width=\"max\" data-height=\"max\" data-toolbar=\"both\" data-toolbar-fixed=\"on\">21-429_8o6a-dissent<\/a> \r\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n<p><\/P>\r\n<div class=row><div class=col-10>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">Full Document &#8211; <em>Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta<\/em><\/div>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/29\/21-429_8o6a.pdf\" class=\"pdfemb-viewer\" style=\"\" data-width=\"max\" data-height=\"max\" data-toolbar=\"both\" data-toolbar-fixed=\"on\">21-429_8o6a<\/a> \r\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"h4-responsive\">Related Stories<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/06\/06\/chuck-hoskin-cherokee-nation-stands-up-for-sovereignty\/\" title=\"Chuck Hoskin: Cherokee Nation stands up for sovereignty\">Chuck Hoskin: Cherokee Nation stands up for sovereignty<\/a> (June 6, 2022)<\/div><div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/03\/supreme-court-confirms-leak-as-authentic-amid-uncertainty-for-indian-country\/\" title=\"Supreme Court confirms leak as \u2018authentic\u2019 amid uncertainty for Indian Country\">Supreme Court confirms leak as \u2018authentic\u2019 amid uncertainty for Indian Country<\/a> (May 3, 2022)<\/div><div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/02\/scotusblog-supreme-court-takes-up-indian-country-jurisdiction-case\/\" title=\"SCOTUSblog: Supreme Court takes up Indian Country jurisdiction case\">SCOTUSblog: Supreme Court takes up Indian Country jurisdiction case<\/a> (May 2, 2022)<\/div><div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/28\/gaylord-news-tribes-united-as-supreme-court-takes-up-sovereignty-case\/\" title=\"Gaylord News: Tribes united as Supreme Court takes up sovereignty case\">Gaylord News: Tribes united as Supreme Court takes up sovereignty case<\/a> (April 28, 2022)<\/div><div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/27\/u-s-supreme-court-oklahoma-v-castro-huerta\/\" title=\"U.S. Supreme Court \u2013 Oklahoma v. 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Castro-Huerta, a contentious case affecting tribal sovereignty.","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25688,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[67,20,13,1,14],"tags":[748,1527,390,828,745,1475,101,94,2380,697,744,397,429,359,127,47,85,1622,661,220,1331,84,27,1526,154,106,2401,44,102],"class_list":["post-25566","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-indian-gaming","category-indian-trust","category-law","category-national","category-politics","tag-abuse","tag-alabama-coushatta","tag-amy-coney-barrett","tag-brett-kavanaugh","tag-clarence-thomas","tag-class-ii","tag-crime","tag-democrats","tag-elena-kagan","tag-immigration","tag-john-roberts","tag-jurisdiction","tag-neil-gorsuch","tag-niwrc","tag-oklahoma","tag-race","tag-republicans","tag-samuel-alito","tag-sonia-sotomayor","tag-sovereignty","tag-stephen-breyer","tag-supreme-court","tag-texas","tag-tigua","tag-treaties","tag-tribal-courts","tag-victor-manuel-castro-huerta","tag-women","tag-youth","no-wpautop"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/29\/USSupremeCourt-scaled.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pcoJ7g-6Em","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25566","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25566"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25566\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25688"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25566"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25566"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25566"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}