{"id":23855,"date":"2022-05-03T16:32:12","date_gmt":"2022-05-03T20:32:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.indianz.com\/News\/?p=23855"},"modified":"2022-05-03T18:48:52","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T22:48:52","slug":"supreme-court-confirms-leak-as-authentic-amid-uncertainty-for-indian-country","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/03\/supreme-court-confirms-leak-as-authentic-amid-uncertainty-for-indian-country\/","title":{"rendered":"Supreme Court confirms leak as &#8216;authentic&#8217; amid uncertainty for Indian Country"},"content":{"rendered":" <a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/03\/supreme-court-confirms-leak-as-authentic-amid-uncertainty-for-indian-country\/supremecourt-23\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-23859\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" data-attachment-id=\"23859\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/03\/supreme-court-confirms-leak-as-authentic-amid-uncertainty-for-indian-country\/supremecourt-23\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/03\/SupremeCourt-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1920\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.6&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 12 Pro Max&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1651593097&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.1&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;32&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.00010869565217391&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"U.S. Supreme Court\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;U.S. Supreme Court&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;A crowd gathers on 1st Street NE in front of the U.S. Supreme Court in Washington, D.C., on May 3, 2022, as news of a decision to limit the reproductive rights of women continues to circulate. Photo by Indianz.Com &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/&quot;&gt;(CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/03\/SupremeCourt-1024x768.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/03\/SupremeCourt-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. Supreme Court\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23859\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">A crowd gathers in front of  the U.S. Supreme Court on 1st Street NE in Washington, D.C., on the morning of  May 3, 2022, as news of a forthcoming decision to limit the reproductive rights of women continues to circulate in legal, political and social circles. Photo by Indianz.Com <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">(CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)<\/a><\/figcaption>\r\n<div class=\"h3-responsive font-weight-bold\">Supreme Court confirms leak as &#8216;authentic&#8217; amid uncertainty for Indian Country<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"date\">Tuesday, May 3, 2022<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"byline\">By Acee Agoyo<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"source\">Indianz.Com<\/div>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nWASHINGTON, D.C. &#8212; An unprecedented leak from the nation&#8217;s highest court is coming amid extreme uncertainty for tribes and their sovereign rights.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nIn a news release on Tuesday morning, the <a href=https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/>U.S. Supreme Court<\/a> acknowledged the draft opinion in a  high-profile reproductive rights case as an &#8220;authentic&#8221; document. But <a href=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Roberts>Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr.<\/a> denied that the leak would affect the high court&#8217;s work, which includes making decisions  in three Indian Country cases.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;To the extent this betrayal of the confidences of the Court was intended to undermine the integrity of our operations, it will not succeed,&#8221; Roberts said in a <a href=https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/publicinfo\/press\/pressreleases\/pr_05-03-22>statement<\/a>. &#8220;The work of the Court will not be affected in any way.&#8221;\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nStill, Roberts said he would be ordering an &#8220;investigation into the source of the leak.&#8221; The <a href=https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2022\/05\/02\/supreme-court-abortion-draft-opinion-00029473>draft opinion in the reproductive rights case was first reported by POLITICO<\/a> on Monday night.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;This was a singular and egregious breach of that trust that is an affront to the Court and the community of public servants who work here,&#8221; Roberts said.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\">\r\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/WJrIctwX_Bg?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">Indianz.Com Video: <a href=https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WJrIctwX_Bg>Justice Stephen G. Breyer participates in final U.S. Supreme Court argument<\/a>\r\n<\/figcaption>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nJust a few days prior, Roberts was in a much different mood. Last Wednesday, he presided over the <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/26\/supreme-court-takes-up-contentious-indian-country-case-on-final-day-of-session\/>final oral arguments of the court&#8217;s current term<\/a>, which happened to be a hearing in  <a href=https:\/\/sct.narf.org\/caseindexes\/oklahoma_v_castro.html><EM>Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta<\/em><\/a>, one of the three Indian law cases that   need to be decided by the justices.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nThe <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/27\/u-s-supreme-court-oklahoma-v-castro-huerta\/>arguments ran for more than two hours<\/a>, far longer than the 70 minutes allotted by the court. The hearing highlighted the ideological split among the nine justices on the court, six of whom were nominated by Republican presidents, including three chosen by Donald Trump.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nHigh-profile Indian law disputes are often decided by a 5-4 vote, making it relatively easy for the court to rule against tribes and their interests, regardless of precedent set in prior cases. <a href=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neil_Gorsuch>Justice Neil Gorsuch<\/a> spoke about the supposed strength of these precedents at the hearing last week when he argued that decisions should be   based on the law &#8212;    not on other factors.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;This Court stood firm in <em>Worcester<\/em> and &#8212; with respect to the original meaning of the Constitution a  promises made in treaties to the Cherokee in the 1830s,&#8221; Gorsuch said. He cited a <a href=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Worcester_v._Georgia>landmark case from 1832<\/a> in which state government jurisdiction over Indian Country was repudiated by the Supreme Court because it not only infringed on tribal sovereignty, it went against  treaties that were negotiated on a nation-to-nation basis.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" allow=\"autoplay\" src=\"https:\/\/w.soundcloud.com\/player\/?url=https%3A\/\/api.soundcloud.com\/playlists\/1430761960&#038;color=%23ff5500&#038;auto_play=false&#038;hide_related=false&#038;show_comments=true&#038;show_user=true&#038;show_reposts=false&#038;show_teaser=true&#038;visual=true\"><\/iframe>\r\n<figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">Indianz.Com Audio: <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/27\/u-s-supreme-court-oklahoma-v-castro-huerta\/>U.S. Supreme Court &#8211; Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta &#8211; April 27, 2022<\/a>\r\n<\/figcaption>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n&#8220;Are we to wilt today because of a social media campaign?&#8221; asked Gorsuch, whose record in Indian law is itself unprecedented among the nine justices. \r\n<P><\/P>\r\nDuring the  hearing, Gorsuch repeatedly pressed the state of Oklahoma to explain why it should be able to exercise   jurisdiction  in Indian Country. Through <EM>Castro-Huerta<\/em>, the state wants to be able to prosecute non-Indians who commit crimes against Indian victims. \r\n<P><\/P>\r\nThe defendant, a non-Indian named <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/26\/14712642227.pdf>Victor Manuel Castro-Huerta<\/a>, has <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/26\/14712840416.pdf>admitted  in federal court to a charge of child neglect<\/a>. The victim is a young citizen of the <a href=https:\/\/ebci.com\/>Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians<\/a> who resided on the reservation on the <a href=https:\/\/www.cherokee.org\/>Cherokee  Nation<\/a> in northeastern Oklahoma at the time of the crime.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nYet not everyone on the court seemed to share Gorsuch&#8217;s view on the strength of precedent in Indian law cases. Four of the justices &#8212; all chosen by Republican presidents &#8212; asked questions that were more sympathetic to the state of Oklahoma, whose  argument is largely  based on the premise that its criminal justice system is somehow more capable of &#8220;protecting  victims&#8221; than that of any other government.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">There&#39;s a word for Justice Kavanaugh&#39;s logic yesterday at <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/SCOTUS?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#SCOTUS<\/a> in Castro-Huerta. That&#8211;despite tribes and Indian victim advocates saying the opposite&#8211;he doesn&#39;t see why it would do anything but help Indian victims to give states criminal jurisdiction too. <br><br>It&#39;s paternalism.<\/p>&mdash; Elizabeth Hidalgo Reese (Yunpovi) (@yunpovi) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/yunpovi\/status\/1519732301558472705?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 28, 2022<\/a><\/blockquote><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n&#8220;We&#8217;re talking about non-Indian-on-Indian crime in Indian Country, correct?&#8221; asked <a href=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brett_Kavanaugh>Justice Brett Kavanaugh<\/a>, who is one of the  newest members of the court. \r\n<P><\/P>\r\nKavanaugh pointed out that tribes &#8212; based on the precedent in <a href=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oliphant_v._Suquamish_Indian_Tribe><EM>Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe<\/em><\/a>  from 1978 &#8212; cannot prosecute non-Indians for most crimes. The ruling is based on the premise that tribal governments cannot exercise jurisdiction that is  &#8220;inconsistent with their status&#8221; as &#8220;domestic dependent nations,&#8221; according to the high court. \r\n<P><\/P>\r\n&#8220;Because Indian  victims right now are not being protected because the federal government doesn&#8217;t have the  resources to prosecute all these crimes,&#8221; he later said, expressing support for the idea that a decision in <EM>Castro-Huerta<\/em> might not be based on precedent, but on other factors out of the court&#8217;s control, such as chronic underfunding of public safety in Indian Country.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nIn addition to Kavanaugh, at least three other Republican-nominated justices seemed to agree with this line of thinking, based on the questions asked during the <EM>Castro-Huerta<\/em> hearing. They include, in order of seniority: <a href=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clarence_Thomas>Clarence Thomas<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samuel_Alito\">Samuel Alito<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amy_Coney_Barrett\">Amy Coney Barrett<\/a>, who is the newest member of the court.\r\n<P><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\">\r\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/5QKBWAwklyw?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">Cherokee Nation: <a href=https:\/\/youtu.be\/5QKBWAwklyw>Chief Chuck Hoskin Jr.   at U.S. Supreme Court<\/a>\r\n<\/figcaption>\r\n<P><\/p>\r\nAccording to <a href=https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2022\/05\/02\/read-justice-alito-initial-abortion-opinion-overturn-roe-v-wade-pdf-00029504>POLITICO, Alito drafted the 98-page opinion<\/a> in <a href=https:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/case-files\/cases\/dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization\/><em>Dobbs v. Jackson Women\u2019s Health Organization<\/em><\/a>,  a case in which state governments have asked the Supreme Court to prevent women from exercising control over their reproductive systems. For Alito&#8217;s   draft &#8212; which has been confirmed as an &#8220;authentic&#8221; document &#8212; to become prevailing, at least four other justices would have to sign onto it.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nAccording to POLITICO, four other justices indeed agreed to side with Alito after the hearing in <em>Dobbs<\/em> on December 1, 2021. The <a href=https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2022\/05\/02\/supreme-court-abortion-draft-opinion-00029473>news organization&#8217;s report<\/a> said the &#8220;line-up remains unchanged as of this week.&#8221;\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nPOLITICO reported that Gorsuch would be joining Alito, Thomas,   Kavanaugh and   Barrett     in  siding with the state governments,   thereby preventing women from obtaining   medical services of their own choosing.   Such a decision would represent a dramatic reversal of precedent set by the Supreme Court in <a href=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roe_v._Wade><em>Roe v. Wade<\/em><\/a> from 1973.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n&#8220;It concerns me a great deal that we\u2019re going to &#8212; after 50 years &#8212; decide a woman does not have a right to choose,&#8221; President Joe Biden told reporters shortly before noon on Tuesday.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n&#8220;But even more equally as profound is the rationale used,&#8221; added Biden, who  led the <a href=https:\/\/www.judiciary.senate.gov\/>Senate Committee on the Judiciary<\/a> during his time in Congress, when he presided over  some of the most contentious Supreme Court nomination hearings in history.\r\n<p><\/p> \r\n&#8220;And it would mean that every other decision relating to the notion of privacy is thrown into question,&#8221; Biden said, citing marriage equality as one decision that could be affected by the overturning of <em>Roe<\/em>.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/03\/supreme-court-confirms-leak-as-authentic-amid-uncertainty-for-indian-country\/supremecourt2ndstreet\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-23871\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" data-attachment-id=\"23871\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/03\/supreme-court-confirms-leak-as-authentic-amid-uncertainty-for-indian-country\/supremecourt2ndstreet\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/03\/SupremeCourt2ndStreet-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1920\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.2&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 12 Pro Max&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1651592740&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;7.5&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;20&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.00083333333333333&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"U.S. Supreme Court\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;U.S. Supreme Court&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Vehicular traffic was blocked on 2nd Street NE, adjacent to the U.S. Supreme Court, on May 3, 2022, as word spread of a decision to limit the reproductive rights of women. Pedestrian traffic was also blocked on the sidewalk next to the Supreme Court building in Washington, D.C. Photo by Indianz.Com &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/&quot;&gt;(CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/03\/SupremeCourt2ndStreet-1024x768.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/03\/SupremeCourt2ndStreet-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. Supreme Court\"   class=\"size-full wp-image-23871\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">Vehicular traffic was blocked on 2nd Street NE, adjacent to the U.S. Supreme Court, on May 3, 2022, as word spread of a decision to limit the reproductive rights of women. Pedestrian traffic was also blocked on the sidewalk next to the Supreme Court building in Washington, D.C. Photo by Indianz.Com <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">(CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)<\/a><\/figcaption>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nIn addition to <EM>Castro-Huerta<\/em>, the Supreme Court has to make decisions in <a href=https:\/\/sct.narf.org\/caseindexes\/denezpi_v_us.html><em>Denezpi v. United States<\/em><\/a>, which will impact the ability of tribes to protect women and children from violence, and <a href=https:\/\/sct.narf.org\/caseindexes\/ysleta_del_sur_v_tx.html><em>Ysleta del Sur Pueblo v. Texas<\/em><\/a>, which affects the livelihoods of thousands of people who depend on employment in Indian Country. The two prior  cases were <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/02\/21\/supreme-court-hears-cases-with-high-stakes-for-indian-country\/>argued on February 21<\/a>.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nAll three cases are  the last in which Justice Stephen G. Breyer will participate before he retires at the end of the court&#8217;s current session, which began last October.  The hearing in <EM>Castro-Huerta<\/em> last Wednesday concluded with an <a href=https:\/\/youtu.be\/WJrIctwX_Bg>emotional tribute from Chief Justice Roberts<\/a>.\r\n<p><\/P>\r\n&#8220;For 28 years, this has been his arena for remarks profound and moving, questions challenging and insightful and hypotheticals downright silly,&#8221;  Roberts  said, his voice cracking at times during the tribute.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThe Supreme Court typically wraps up its term at the end of June, so decisions in <EM>Castro-Huerta<\/em>, <em>Denezpi<\/em> and <em>Ysleta del Sur Pueblo<\/em> are expected by that time.\r\nHistorically,  Indian law cases  are usually among the last to be decided, with waits among the longest on record. \r\n<p><\/p>\r\nDuring the <a href=https:\/\/sct.narf.org\/termindexes\/october2015.html>October 2015 term<\/a>, for instance, it took the Supreme Court 200 days to come to  a 4-4 tie  in a <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2016\/06\/24\/tribes-rest-easy-as-supreme-court-wraps.asp>tribal court jurisdiction case<\/a>. In the <a href=https:\/\/sct.narf.org\/termindexes\/october2013.htm>October 2013 term<\/a>, a 5-4 decision in a <a href=https:\/\/www.indianz.com\/IndianGaming\/2014\/05\/27\/supreme-court-backs-bay-mills.asp>tribal sovereign immunity case<\/a> took  177 days.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\"mt-1 mb-1\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-8411603009680747\" data-ad-slot=\"6394965691\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nBut one high-profile Indian law dispute took even longer to reach a result. When Justice Gorsuch finally released  the <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2020\/07\/09\/on-the-far-end-of-the-trail-of-tears-nat.asp>5-4 opinion in   <em>McGirt v. Oklahoma<\/em> in July  2020<\/a>, Indian Country had waited more than two years, over two separate Supreme Court sessions, to hear an affirmation of their sovereign treaty rights  from the highest court in the land.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n&#8220;On the far end of the Trail of Tears was a promise,&#8221; Gorsuch wrote in the landmark\r\n<a href=https:\/\/sct.narf.org\/caseindexes\/mcgirt_v_ok.html><em>McGirt<\/em><\/a> opinion that is now under attack from the state of Oklahoma in <EM>Castro-Huerta<\/em>, less than two years later.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nStill, once the decisions in  <EM>Castro-Huerta<\/em>, <em>Denezpi<\/em> and <em>Ysleta del Sur Pueblo<\/em> are known, Indian Country has another highly contentious case to prepare for. Arguments in <a href=https:\/\/sct.narf.org\/caseindexes\/haaland_v_brackeen.html><em>Haaland v. Brackeen<\/em><\/a> will be heard sometime during the session that begins in October 2022.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nAt issue in <Em>Brackeen<\/em> is whether  <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/03\/01\/cronkite-news-supreme-court-agrees-to-hear-indian-child-welfare-act-case\/>tribes can exercise sovereignty<\/a> over their most precious resource &#8212; their children &#8212; through the  <a href=https:\/\/www.nicwa.org\/about-icwa\/>Indian Child Welfare Act<\/a>.  The <a href=https:\/\/www.ca5.uscourts.gov\/>5th Circuit Court of Appeals<\/a>, which is stacked with Republican-nominated judges, has <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2021\/04\/07\/fifth-circuit-court-of-appeals-brackeen-v-haaland\/>struck down key provisions of the law as unconstitutional<\/a>, hindering efforts to prevent Indian children from being separated from their communities, a problem that goes back hundreds of years. \r\n<P><\/P>\r\nTribes are being joined by the Biden administration in seeking to reinstate the contested ICWA provisions. But Republican-led states, along with non-Indian interests, want the Supreme Court to strike down the entire law as illegal, on the premise that it is based on &#8220;race&#8221; rather than the sovereign relationship between tribal nations and the federal government.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\">\r\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/z4lUzwjPkSc?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">Indianz.Com Video: <a href=https:\/\/youtu.be\/z4lUzwjPkSc>Sen. Alex Padilla (D-California) and Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson<\/a>\r\n<\/figcaption>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nThe Supreme Court has not yet set a date for arguments in <Em>Brackeen<\/em>. When the hearing comes, it will be with a new member of the court, as  Breyer&#8217;s retirement has led to the nomination of <a href=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson>Judge Kentanji Brown Jackson<\/a> as his replacement. \r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThe  <a href=https:\/\/www.senate.gov\/>U.S. Senate<\/a> voted <a href=https:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_votes\/vote1172\/vote_117_2_00134.htm>53-47 on April 7<\/a>  to confirm Jackson as the  first African American woman   on the Supreme Court.\r\nDuring her nomination hearing, she was asked about the nation-to-nation relationship.\r\n<P><\/p>\r\n&#8220;It is established in the law, the Supreme Court has established, that there is a special trust relationship between Indian tribes and the federal government,&#8221; <a href=https:\/\/youtu.be\/z4lUzwjPkSc>Brown said on on March 22<\/a>, on the  second day of her four-day confirmation hearing.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nBrown further noted that the U.S. government owes an obligation to   tribes that is of a unique fiduciary nature. In <a href=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seminole_Nation_v._United_States><em>Seminole Nation v. United States<\/em><\/a>, the Supreme Court described the duties as &#8220;moral obligations of the highest responsibility and trust.&#8221; \r\n<P><\/P>\r\n&#8220;Indian tribes are, as a general matter, considered to be sovereigns in the relationship is a sovereign-to-sovereign relationship, but it&#8217;s one in which the federal government has some responsibilities related to the Indian nation,&#8221; Brown said. &#8220;And it&#8217;s very, very important care and trust responsibility that the federal government has in terms of making sure that the tribes are recognized in and cared for, in the context of our system.&#8221;\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/03\/supreme-court-confirms-leak-as-authentic-amid-uncertainty-for-indian-country\/supremecourtmarylandave\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-23883\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" data-attachment-id=\"23883\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/03\/supreme-court-confirms-leak-as-authentic-amid-uncertainty-for-indian-country\/supremecourtmarylandave\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/03\/SupremeCourtMarylandAve-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1920\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.2&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 12 Pro Max&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1651592816&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;7.5&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;20&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.00071428571428571&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"U.S. Supreme Court\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;U.S. Supreme Court&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;A barricade is erected on the Maryland Ave NE side of the U.S. Supreme Court building, where security guards stand by as news circulated of a forthcoming decision to limit the reproductive rights of women. Photo by Indianz.Com &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/&quot;&gt;(CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/03\/SupremeCourtMarylandAve-1024x768.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/03\/SupremeCourtMarylandAve-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. Supreme Court\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23883\" \/><\/a> <figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">A barricade is erected on the Maryland Ave NE side of the U.S. Supreme Court building, where security guards stand by as news circulated of a forthcoming decision to limit the reproductive rights of women. Photo by Indianz.Com <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">(CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)<\/a><\/figcaption>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nThe Supreme Court&#8217;s last ICWA case resulted in a loss for tribal interests. By a 5-4 vote in <a href=https:\/\/sct.narf.org\/caseindexes\/adoptivecouplevbabygirl.html><em>Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl<\/em><\/a>, the justices ruled that a Cherokee Nation citizen could not invoke the law in order to regain custody of his child, who was <a href=https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2013\/06\/25\/supreme-court-rules-against-ch.asp>adopted by a non-Indian couple<\/a> against his wishes.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nIn the majority opinion, Justice Alito opened with a sentence that was of a very different nature than the one that began <em>McGirt<\/em>. He wrote: &#8220;This case is about a little girl (Baby Girl) who is classified as an Indian because she is 1.2% (3\/256) Cherokee.&#8221; \r\n<P><\/P>\r\nThe Cherokee Nation does not base tribal citizenship on <a href=https:\/\/nnigovernance.arizona.edu\/legal-history-blood-quantum-federal-indian-law-1935>blood quantum<\/a> and ICWA applies to children who are citizens of tribal nations, or are eligible for citizenship. The federal law does not tie applicability to blood quantum.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nThe June 2013 decision in <em> Baby Girl<\/em> came amid a string of defeats for Indian Country. Between 2006 through 2016, tribal interests lost  nine out of 11 cases that were heard by the Supreme Court.\r\n<P><\/p>\r\nThe stunning loss record coincided with the arrival of John Roberts as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. He was nominated by Republican president George W. Bush to replace <a href=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Rehnquist>William Rehnquist<\/a>, who died in September 2005.\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\"h4-responsive\">Related Stories<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/05\/02\/scotusblog-supreme-court-takes-up-indian-country-jurisdiction-case\/\" title=\"SCOTUSblog: Supreme Court takes up Indian Country jurisdiction case\">SCOTUSblog: Supreme Court takes up Indian Country jurisdiction case<\/a> (May 2, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/28\/gaylord-news-tribes-united-as-supreme-court-takes-up-sovereignty-case\/\" title=\"Gaylord News: Tribes united as Supreme Court takes up sovereignty case\">Gaylord News: Tribes united as Supreme Court takes up sovereignty case<\/a> (April 28, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/27\/chickasaw-nation-citizen-lands-native-advisor-role-at-white-house\/\" title=\"Chickasaw Nation citizen lands Native advisor role at White House\">Chickasaw Nation citizen lands Native advisor role at White House<\/a> (April 27, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/27\/u-s-supreme-court-oklahoma-v-castro-huerta\/\" title=\"U.S. Supreme Court \u2013 Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta\">U.S. Supreme Court \u2013 Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta<\/a> (April 27, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/26\/scotusblog-supreme-court-considers-sequel-to-landmark-indian-law-decision\/\" title=\"SCOTUSBlog: Supreme Court considers sequel to landmark Indian law decision\">SCOTUSBlog: Supreme Court considers sequel to landmark Indian law decision<\/a> (April 26, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/26\/gaylord-news-oklahoma-tribes-defend-sovereignty-as-supreme-court-weighs-big-case\/\" title=\"Gaylord News: Oklahoma tribes defend sovereignty as Supreme Court weighs big case\">Gaylord News: Oklahoma tribes defend sovereignty as Supreme Court weighs big case<\/a> (April 26, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/26\/supreme-court-takes-up-contentious-indian-country-case-on-final-day-of-session\/\" title=\"Supreme Court takes up contentious Indian Country case on final day of session\">Supreme Court takes up contentious Indian Country case on final day of session<\/a> (April 26, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/05\/supreme-court-nominee-advances-with-show-of-support-for-tribal-sovereignty\/\" title=\"Supreme Court nominee advances with show of support for tribal sovereignty\">Supreme Court nominee advances with show of support for tribal sovereignty<\/a> (April 5, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/03\/14\/tribes-see-progress-with-violence-against-women-act-and-more-funding\/\" title=\"Tribes see progress with Violence Against Women Act and more funding\">Tribes see progress with Violence Against Women Act and more funding<\/a> (March 14, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/03\/11\/tim-giago-a-native-justice-for-the-u-s-supreme-court\/\" title=\"Tim Giago: A Native justice for the U.S. Supreme Court\">Tim Giago: A Native justice for the U.S. Supreme Court<\/a> (March 11, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/03\/01\/cronkite-news-supreme-court-agrees-to-hear-indian-child-welfare-act-case\/\" title=\"Cronkite News: Supreme Court agrees to hear Indian Child Welfare Act case\">Cronkite News: Supreme Court agrees to hear Indian Child Welfare Act case<\/a> (March 1, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/02\/24\/scotusblog-supreme-court-cases-highlights-public-safety-issues-in-indian-country\/\" title=\"SCOTUSBlog: Supreme Court cases highlights public safety issues in Indian Country\">SCOTUSBlog: Supreme Court cases highlights public safety issues in Indian Country<\/a> (February 24, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/02\/23\/scotusblog-supreme-court-tackles-bingo-and-tribal-sovereignty\/\" title=\"SCOTUSBlog: Supreme Court tackles bingo and tribal sovereignty\">SCOTUSBlog: Supreme Court tackles bingo and tribal sovereignty<\/a> (February 23, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/02\/22\/supreme-court-audio-denezpi-v-united-states\/\" title=\"Supreme Court Audio: Denezpi v. United States\">Supreme Court Audio: Denezpi v. United States<\/a> (February 22, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/02\/22\/supreme-court-audio-ysleta-del-sur-pueblo-v-texas\/\" title=\"Supreme Court Audio: Ysleta del Sur Pueblo v. Texas\">Supreme Court Audio: Ysleta del Sur Pueblo v. Texas<\/a> (February 22, 2022)<\/div><div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/02\/22\/scotusblog-supreme-court-takes-up-tribal-sovereignty-matter\/\" title=\"SCOTUSBlog: Supreme Court takes up tribal sovereignty dispute\">SCOTUSBlog: Supreme Court takes up tribal sovereignty dispute<\/a> (February 22, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/02\/22\/scotusblog-tigua-tribe-finally-gets-gaming-case-in-supreme-court\/\" title=\"SCOTUSBlog: Tigua Tribe finally gets gaming case to Supreme Court\">SCOTUSBlog: Tigua Tribe finally gets gaming case to Supreme Court<\/a> (February 22, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/02\/21\/supreme-court-hears-cases-with-high-stakes-for-indian-country\/\" title=\"Supreme Court hears cases with high stakes for Indian Country\">Supreme Court hears cases with high stakes for Indian Country<\/a> (February 21, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/01\/31\/gaylord-news-supreme-court-takes-another-look-at-indian-country-dispute\/\" title=\"Gaylord News: Supreme Court takes another look at Indian Country dispute\">Gaylord News: Supreme Court takes another look at Indian Country dispute<\/a> (January 31, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/01\/31\/chuck-hoskin-cherokee-nation-deserves-to-be-treated-with-respect\/\" title=\"Chuck Hoskin: Cherokee Nation deserves to be treated with respect\">Chuck Hoskin: Cherokee Nation deserves to be treated with respect<\/a> (January 31, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/01\/21\/supreme-court-surprises-by-taking-up-contentious-indian-law-case\/\" title=\"Supreme Court surprises by taking up contentious Indian law case\">Supreme Court surprises by taking up contentious Indian law case<\/a> (January 21, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/01\/04\/gaylord-news-indian-child-welfare-act-in-limbo-amid-high-stakes-challenge\/\" title=\"Gaylord News: Indian Child Welfare Act in limbo amid high-stakes challenge\">Gaylord News: Indian Child Welfare Act in limbo amid high-stakes challenge<\/a> (January 4, 2022)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"related-story\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2021\/12\/17\/no-one-else-needs-to-die-biden-administration-faces-another-test-of-commitment-to-indian-country\/\" title=\"\u2018No one else needs to die\u2019: Biden administration faces another test of commitment to Indian Country\">\u2018No one else needs to die\u2019: Biden administration faces another test of commitment to Indian Country<\/a> (December 17, 2021)<\/div>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"An unprecedented leak from the nation&#8217;s highest court is coming amid extreme uncertainty for tribes and their sovereign rights.","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23859,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,67,20,13,1,14],"tags":[869,612,748,390,530,828,77,745,101,346,94,75,534,121,403,86,53,744,72,397,2862,243,429,127,47,85,1622,91,220,1331,84,2864,44,102],"class_list":["post-23855","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","category-indian-gaming","category-indian-trust","category-law","category-national","category-politics","tag-117th","tag-5th-circuit","tag-abuse","tag-amy-coney-barrett","tag-blood-quantum","tag-brett-kavanaugh","tag-cherokee","tag-clarence-thomas","tag-crime","tag-dc","tag-democrats","tag-donald-trump","tag-eastern-cherokee","tag-employment","tag-george-bush","tag-icwa","tag-joe-biden","tag-john-roberts","tag-judiciary","tag-jurisdiction","tag-kentanji-brown-jackson","tag-media","tag-neil-gorsuch","tag-oklahoma","tag-race","tag-republicans","tag-samuel-alito","tag-senate","tag-sovereignty","tag-stephen-breyer","tag-supreme-court","tag-william-rehnquist","tag-women","tag-youth","no-wpautop"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/03\/SupremeCourt-scaled.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pcoJ7g-6cL","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23855"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23855\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}