{"id":22957,"date":"2022-04-08T10:19:14","date_gmt":"2022-04-08T14:19:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.indianz.com\/News\/?p=22957"},"modified":"2022-04-08T10:19:14","modified_gmt":"2022-04-08T14:19:14","slug":"the-conversation-catholic-church-avoids-accounting-for-abuses-at-residential-schools","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/08\/the-conversation-catholic-church-avoids-accounting-for-abuses-at-residential-schools\/","title":{"rendered":"The Conversation: Catholic Church avoids accounting for abuses at residential schools"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"padding: 56.25% 0 0 0; position: relative;\"><iframe style=\"position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;\" title=\"VATICAN-APR1\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/695069866?h=36ee65be3e&#038;badge=0&#038;autopause=0&#038;player_id=0&#038;app_id=58479\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/api\/player.js\"><\/script>\r\n<figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">APTN: <a href=https:\/\/www.aptnnews.ca\/national-news\/i-am-sorry-pope-francis-apologizes-for-role-catholics-played-in-residential-school-abuses\/>\u2018I am sorry\u2019: Pope Francis apologizes for role Catholics played in residential school abuses<\/a>\r\n<\/figcaption>\r\n<div class=\"h3-responsive font-weight-bold\">Pope Francis\u2019s apology for residential schools doesn\u2019t acknowledge institutional responsibility<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"date\">Friday, April 8, 2022<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"byline\">By <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/jeremy-m-bergen-1333945\">Jeremy M. Bergen<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-waterloo-1284\">University of Waterloo<\/a>)<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"source\">The Conversation<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"source-links\"><A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/\">theconversation.com<\/A><\/div>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nPope Francis made a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/content\/francesco\/en\/speeches\/2022\/april\/documents\/20220401-popoli-indigeni-canada.html\">public statement<\/a> on April 1 to the delegations of Indigenous people who met with him last week <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/indigenous-delegations-set-to-meet-pope-francis-vatican-1.6394450\">to discuss personal experiences in residential schools or their harmful legacies<\/a>.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nHis statement included the words \u201cI am very sorry,\u201d and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/world\/article-pope-francis-apologizes-to-indigenous-delegation-for-deplorable\/\">is being reported as an apology for residential schools<\/a>.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nAs a white settler theologian, it is not for me to say what the apology means to those to whom it was addressed. But as a scholar who studies <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomsbury.com\/ca\/ecclesial-repentance-9780567523686\/\">church apologies for historical wrongs<\/a>, and their place in processes of reconciliation, I note there are significant shortcomings to the Pope\u2019s statement.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\n<div class=\" content_cards_card content_cards_domain_indianz-com\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"content_cards_image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_image_link\" href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/06\/doug-george-kanentiio-residential-school-survivors-deserve-justice-not-an-apology\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/23\/popefrancis-1.jpg\" alt=\"Doug George-Kanentiio: Residential school survivors deserve justice, not an apology\">\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_title\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/06\/doug-george-kanentiio-residential-school-survivors-deserve-justice-not-an-apology\/\">\n\t\t\tDoug George-Kanentiio: Residential school survivors deserve justice, not an apology\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_description\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_description_link\" href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/04\/06\/doug-george-kanentiio-residential-school-survivors-deserve-justice-not-an-apology\/\">\n\t\t\t<p>Tens of thousands of Native children suffered abuse at residential schools run by the Catholic Church, all with the compliance of the Canadian government.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_site_name\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.indianz.com\/favicon.ico\" alt=\"Indianz.Com\" class=\"content_cards_favicon\"\/>\t\tIndianz.Com\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">Abuse and criminal actions<\/div>\r\n\r\nThere are several kinds of wrongs associated with residential schools. There were <a href=\"https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/8067396\/residential-school-abuse-perpetrators-charges-survivors\/\">abusive and often criminal actions<\/a> by individuals who worked in these institutions. Those in authority <a href=\"https:\/\/ehprnh2mwo3.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Executive_Summary_English_Web.pdf\">covered up abuses and failed to protect children<\/a>. And the residential school system advanced an assimilationist policy.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nIndividual criminal responsibility and general institutional responsibility may also overlap. The many <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thestar.com\/news\/canada\/2022\/03\/01\/alberta-first-nation-identifies-169-potential-graves-at-former-residential-school.html\">unmarked graves<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/opinion\/article-a-doctors-century-old-warning-on-residential-schools-can-help-find\">unheeded calls to address deathly conditions<\/a> in the schools speak to the wrongs and traumatic legacies of these institutions.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nPope Francis most clearly addressed the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/world\/francis-apology-full-text-1.6404953\">abusive actions by individuals \u2014 the \u201cdeplorable conduct\u201d of \u201ca number of Catholics\u201d<\/a> \u2014 about which he expressed sorrow and shame. He also acknowledged the painful experiences of those who shared their stories with him. <P><\/P>\r\n\r\nThe Pope did not acknowledge that the church as an institution embraced assimilationist policy in its decision to run the schools.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\">\r\n<div class=\" content_cards_card content_cards_domain_youtu-be\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"content_cards_image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_image_link\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/5oAPl_NR2QA\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/plugins\/content-cards\/skins\/default\/content-cards-placeholder.png\" alt=\" - YouTube\">\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_title\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/5oAPl_NR2QA\">\n\t\t\t &#8211; YouTube\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_description\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_description_link\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/5oAPl_NR2QA\">\n\t\t\t<p>Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_site_name\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/s\/desktop\/a6171d17\/img\/favicon.ico\" alt=\"youtu.be\" class=\"content_cards_favicon\"\/>\t\tyoutu.be\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">Vatican News: <a href=https:\/\/youtu.be\/5oAPl_NR2QA>Audience with delegations of Canadian Indigenous Peoples &#8211; Pope Francis &#8211; April 1, 2022<\/a>\r\n<\/figcaption>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">Lack of clarity<\/div>\r\n\r\nAs is unfortunately common in many church apology statements, when those who utter the apology use the <a href=\"http:\/\/web.uvic.ca\/psyc\/bavelas\/2004ChurchApol.pdf\">passive voice<\/a>, it\u2019s unclear who was the agent of the actions in question. <P><\/P>\r\n\r\nPope Francis spoke about \u201ca colonization that lacked respect for you,\u201d and acknowledged that \u201cgreat harm was done to your identity and your culture.\u201d But who was responsible? He spoke about \u201cattempts to impose a uniformity\u201d to which \u201cgreat numbers of children fell victim\u201d that were based on \u201cprograms devised in offices.\u201d But which offices?<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nThe Pope positions the church as being on the side of outrage and sorrow for this colonization \u2014 \u201csadly, this colonial mentality remains widespread\u201d \u2014 and as a partner in overcoming it, rather than as an active agent of its perpetration. <P><\/P>\r\n\r\nWhile Pope Francis\u2019s denunciations of settler colonization are welcome and significant, and indeed the Catholic Church ought to be a partner in undoing it, an apology should offer clarity. Clarity is needed regarding the responsibility of the institution on whose behalf he speaks.<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\"mt-1 mb-1\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-8411603009680747\" data-ad-slot=\"6394965691\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div><p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">Church as agent of harm<\/div>\r\n\r\nOn an intuitive and experiential level, the Catholic Church as an institution was an agent of harm. But Pope Francis has avoided saying this. <P><\/P>\r\n\r\nIn this regard, there may be a mismatch between what survivors and the wider public expect of an apology and how the Pope has framed his message.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nSince the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2012\/10\/10\/162573716\/why-is-vatican-ii-so-important\">Catholic Church\u2019s Second Vatican Council (1962-65)<\/a>, there has been an active debate within Catholic theology about whether the church itself, understood as the Body of Christ, can be the agent of sin, or whether it\u2019s only individual members (including leaders) who sin. <P><\/P>\r\n\r\n \r\nMany Catholic apologies make the distinction that it was individual members who did wrong rather than the institution. An analogy sometimes used is that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/roman_curia\/congregations\/cfaith\/cti_documents\/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20000307_memory-reconc-itc_en.html#The%20Motherhood%20of%20the%20Church\">the church is like a mother<\/a> who regrets what her children have done. <P><\/P>\r\n\r\nFollowing this analogy, a mother can try to repair what her children have done, although everyone knows the mother didn\u2019t actually commit the offence. While this position can be <a href=\"https:\/\/churchlifejournal.nd.edu\/articles\/confronting-a-sinful-church\">found in Catholic theology, it is not the consensus<\/a>.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nA church that is sinless by definition is an abstraction that is unconnected from experience. Several <a href=\"https:\/\/litpress.org\/Products\/8420\/Stumbling-in-Holiness\">Catholic theologians<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/litpress.org\/Products\/4771\/A-Holy-Yet-Sinful-Church\">do argue that<\/a> the church itself is sinful.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nUnless the church itself acknowledges this, how can it change in order to cease doing harm and be an agent of healing?<P><\/P>\r\n\r\n<div class=\" content_cards_card content_cards_domain_twitter-com\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"content_cards_image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_image_link\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/VaticanNews\/status\/1508427075253948417\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/ext_tw_video_thumb\/1508426998967943169\/pu\/img\/kRTaNW6YfVxlJtVf?format=webp&#038;name=large\" alt=\"Vatican News (@VaticanNews) on X\">\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_title\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/VaticanNews\/status\/1508427075253948417\">\n\t\t\tVatican News (@VaticanNews) on X\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_description\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_description_link\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/VaticanNews\/status\/1508427075253948417\">\n\t\t\t<p>Angie Crerar, an 85-year-old survivor of Canada&#8217;s Residential schools, describes her encounter on Monday with Pope Francis, as part of a papal audience with the M\u00e9tis Nation.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_site_name\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/favicon.ico\" alt=\"X (formerly Twitter)\" class=\"content_cards_favicon\"\/>\t\tX (formerly Twitter)\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">Ambiguous language<\/div>\r\n\r\nThis apology seems to follow this pattern in using ambiguous language on whether the church has acknowledged its complicity. <P><\/P>\r\n\r\nWhile Pope Francis\u2019s words may be reported and received as an acknowledgement of church complicity, a careful reading of the words suggest otherwise.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nIn addition to the language of apology \u2014 a language which the church is not accustomed to speaking \u2014 the Pope used more traditional theological terms such as \u201cpardon\u201d and \u201cforgiveness.\u201d The danger is that these terms can undermine what an apology is meant to accomplish. <P><\/P>\r\n\r\nTo ask God\u2019s forgiveness, as he did, might imply that it is been granted and everyone can move on. To ask to be pardoned by those he was speaking to may place a burdensome expectation on them to reciprocate by granting it.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nPope Benedict XVI\u2019s private <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/resources\/resources_canada-first-nations-apr2009_en.html\">expression of sorrow<\/a> in 2009 to Phil Fontaine, then national chief of the Assembly of First Nations and a residential school survivor, was often reported as an apology. <P><\/P>\r\n\r\n\r\nFontaine has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/canada\/article-former-chief-hopes-second-meeting-with-pope-will-lead-to-papal-apology\/\">recently indicated<\/a> he felt pressure to acknowledge and accept it as a definitive apology, even though it was not.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nAn apology should be made in a ritually appropriate way, which will vary for every case. Survivors <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/accountability\/why-hasnt-pope-francis-apologized-canada-ask-bishops\">have consistently asked Pope Francis<\/a> to make an apology in Canada. Today, the Pope indicated his intention to come to Canada in the near future and continue his \u201ccloseness.\u201d<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\" content_cards_card content_cards_domain_twitter-com\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"content_cards_image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_image_link\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/AFN_Updates\/status\/1509992412885757952\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/media\/FPSNuzTXsAcBLYA?format=webp&#038;name=large\" alt=\"AFN (@AFN_Updates) on X\">\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_title\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/AFN_Updates\/status\/1509992412885757952\">\n\t\t\tAFN (@AFN_Updates) on X\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_description\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_description_link\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/AFN_Updates\/status\/1509992412885757952\">\n\t\t\t<p>AFN Regional Chief Gerald Antoine, who led the AFN delegation in meetings with Pope Francis this week, says apology offered by Pope today is historic step to TRC Call to Action 58 and looks forward to hosting Pope Francis on Turtle Island. https:\/\/t.co\/pRkdoqV2Nq<\/p>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_site_name\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/favicon.ico\" alt=\"X (formerly Twitter)\" class=\"content_cards_favicon\"\/>\t\tX (formerly Twitter)\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">Definitive apology?<\/div>\r\n\r\nWhile I understand Pope Francis was moved to say something this week, for the sake of reconciliation I hope this was not his definitive apology. <P><\/P>\r\n\r\nIn his April 1 statement, Pope Francis also said: \u201cI will be happy to benefit again from meeting you when I visit\u201d your lands, and, \u201cI think with joy \u2026 of the great veneration that many of you have for Saint Anne, the grandmother of Jesus. This year I would like to be with you on those days.\u201d\r\nThe feast of St. Anne <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/pope-francis-responds-indigenous-delegations-final-meeting-1.6404344\">falls on July 26<\/a>.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nThe Truth and Reconciliation <a href=\"https:\/\/www2.gov.bc.ca\/assets\/gov\/british-columbians-our-governments\/indigenous-people\/aboriginal-peoples-documents\/calls_to_action_english2.pdf\">Commission\u2019s Call to Action #58<\/a> urges the Pope to apologize for the church\u2019s role in the spiritual, cultural, emotional, physical and sexual abuse of First Nations, Inuit and M\u00e9tis children in Catholic-run residential schools and to do so in Canada.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\n\r\nSuch an apology will need to acknowledge the complicity of the Catholic Church, and do so on Indigenous land. Pope Francis\u2019s closing comments about humility and the fruitfulness of the humiliation of the church are helpful sentiments. <P><\/P>\r\n\r\n<div class=\" content_cards_card content_cards_domain_twitter-com\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"content_cards_image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_image_link\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/AFN_Updates\/status\/1509597816976547840\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/media\/FPMqci0XoAI6eCj?format=webp&#038;name=large\" alt=\"AFN (@AFN_Updates) on X\">\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_title\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/AFN_Updates\/status\/1509597816976547840\">\n\t\t\tAFN (@AFN_Updates) on X\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_description\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_description_link\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/AFN_Updates\/status\/1509597816976547840\">\n\t\t\t<p>Morgan Behn-Tsakoza of Fort Nelson First Nation is in Rome this week, seen here waiting while her sister Taylor shares with Pope Francis the importance of honouring intergenerational survivors of #ResidentialInstitutions and the need to build a hopeful future. \/1<\/p>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_site_name\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/favicon.ico\" alt=\"X (formerly Twitter)\" class=\"content_cards_favicon\"\/>\t\tX (formerly Twitter)\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nIn Rome, in an ornate Vatican hall, the Pope spoke on his terms. In the spirit of humility, the next statement should be made in a setting chosen by those he will address. <P><\/P>\r\n\r\nAn apology can <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0040573616643362\">foster accountability<\/a>. It puts a particular narrative on record and implies specific commitments for the future. It can be a recognizable and public reference point for the ongoing work of truth and reconciliation. I hope Pope Francis continues to reflect on what he has heard this week, and prepares to come to Canada to make a more definitive acknowledgement of the church\u2019s complicity.<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">\r\n<em>If you are an Indian Residential School survivor, or have been affected by the residential school system and need help, you can contact the 24-hour Indian Residential Schools Crisis Line: 1-866-925-4419<\/em><\/div><!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/180526\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><P><\/P>\r\n<HR><EM><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/jeremy-m-bergen-1333945\">Jeremy M. Bergen<\/a> is an Associate Professor of Religious Studies and Theological Studies at  Conrad Grebel University College,  <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-waterloo-1284\">University of Waterloo<\/a>.<\/em><HR>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nThis article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/pope-franciss-apology-for-residential-schools-doesnt-acknowledge-institutional-responsibility-180526\">original article<\/a>.<P><\/P>\r\n <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/08\/TheVaticanAssemblyofFirstNations.jpg\" alt=\"Morgan Behn-Tsakoza\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" class=\"invisible\" \/> \r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"On an intuitive and experiential level, the Catholic Church as an institution was an agent of harm. But Pope Francis has avoided saying so.","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22963,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[15,18,14,23],"tags":[748,139,1457,269,101,2715,2713,2146,61,2714,1679,546,102],"class_list":["post-22957","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-canada","category-education","category-politics","category-world","tag-abuse","tag-afn","tag-apologies","tag-colonization","tag-crime","tag-jeremy-bergen","tag-phil-fontaine","tag-pope-francis","tag-racism","tag-relilgion","tag-residential-schools","tag-the-conversation","tag-youth","no-wpautop"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pcoJ7g-5Yh","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/08\/TheVaticanAssemblyofFirstNations.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22957","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22957"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22957\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22957"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22957"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22957"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}