{"id":22584,"date":"2022-03-29T16:26:00","date_gmt":"2022-03-29T20:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.indianz.com\/News\/?p=22584"},"modified":"2022-03-29T16:26:01","modified_gmt":"2022-03-29T20:26:01","slug":"montana-free-press-fulfilling-the-promise-of-indian-education-for-all","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/03\/29\/montana-free-press-fulfilling-the-promise-of-indian-education-for-all\/","title":{"rendered":"Montana Free Press: Fulfilling the promise of &#8216;Indian Education for All&#8217;"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\">\r\n<div class=\" content_cards_card content_cards_domain_youtu-be\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"content_cards_image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_image_link\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/tEP_yRRnslQ\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/01\/hqdefault-44.jpg\" alt=\"Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Montana&#039;s Constitution and its Legacy\">\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_title\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/tEP_yRRnslQ\">\n\t\t\tCelebrating the 50th Anniversary of Montana&#8217;s Constitution and its Legacy\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_description\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_description_link\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/tEP_yRRnslQ\">\n\t\t\t<p>Note to viewer: There is a brief period of the recording without sound from 25:40 to 27:24 during which President Cruzado reminds the live audience that they&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_site_name\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/s\/desktop\/e6aecce7\/img\/favicon.ico\" alt=\"YouTube\" class=\"content_cards_favicon\"\/>\t\tYouTube\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">Montana State University: <a href=https:\/\/youtu.be\/tEP_yRRnslQ>Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Montana&#8217;s Constitution and its Legacy<\/a>\r\n<\/figcaption>\r\n<div class=\"h1-responsive\">Montana\u2019s long road to make good on Indian Education for All<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">Integrating Native heritage into public education is a goal that\u2019s been ensconced in the Montana Constitution for 50 years. State and tribal leaders are still working to make it a reality.<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"date\">Tuesday, March 29, 2022<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"byline\">By Alex Sakariassen<\/div>\r\n<DIV class=\"source\">Montana Free Press<\/DIV>\r\n<DIV class=\"source-website\"><A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/montanafreepress.org\/\">montanafreepress.org<\/A><\/DIV>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<em>On March 22, 1972, all 100 delegates to the Montana Constitutional Convention gathered at the Capitol in Helena to sign off on a new state Constitution they\u2019d just spent months researching, debating, negotiating and writing \u2014 and which would be ratified by voters on June 6 of that year. In observance of the 50th anniversary of the delegates\u2019 adoption of the document, Montana Free Press  presents a series of articles exploring the state Constitution\u2019s history, legacy, influence and future. Today: The impetus and implementation of Indian Education for All. <\/em><P><\/P>\r\n\r\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\">\r\n\r\n<strong><em>Article X, Section 1, Part 2:<\/em><\/strong><em> The state recognizes the distinct and unique cultural heritage of the American Indians and is committed in its educational goals to the preservation of their cultural integrity.<\/em><P><\/P>\r\n\r\nOn Jan. 31, 1972, two students from the Fort Peck Indian Reservation appeared in Helena with a request that, however brief, helped to fuel a lasting shift in Montana\u2019s public education system. Standing before the Constitutional Convention\u2019s Bill of Rights Committee, Mavis Scott and Diana Lueppe <a href=\"https:\/\/leg.mt.gov\/bills\/2005\/Minutes\/House\/Exhibits\/jeh26e010.PDF\">asked delegates to make classroom instruction relevant and sensitive<\/a> to the state\u2019s Native peoples.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\n\u201cWe would like, very simply, our history, our culture, our identity,\u201d Scott said.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nNearly six weeks later, convention delegate Dorothy Eck referenced their testimony when introducing a constitutional amendment committing Montana to the recognition and preservation of Indigenous heritage. Though the phrase \u201c<a href=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Education_for_All>Indian Education for All<\/a>\u201d wouldn\u2019t officially enter the state\u2019s lexicon for another 27 years, <a href=\"https:\/\/courts.mt.gov\/external\/library\/mt_cons_convention\/vol6.pdf\">the ensuing discussion<\/a> made it clear that the request wasn\u2019t just about teaching tribal culture to tribal students. Delegate Richard Champoux, a history and political science professor at Flathead Valley Community College in Kalispell, likened the proposal to standard lessons on English or French history and to a particular celebration of Irish culture \u2014 St. Patrick\u2019s Day \u2014 popular in, among other places, Butte.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\n\u201cAll of us are proud of our heritage, whether we be English, Irish, Jewish, or whatever,\u201d Champoux told his fellow delegates. \u201cWe are proud because we know about our history, our culture and our integrity \u2014 our heritage. Are we now to continue to deny this to these, the first citizens of the State of Montana?\u201d<P><\/P>\r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/03\/29\/montana-free-press-fulfilling-the-promise-of-indian-education-for-all\/tyerraroan\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-22597\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" data-attachment-id=\"22597\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/03\/29\/montana-free-press-fulfilling-the-promise-of-indian-education-for-all\/tyerraroan\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/29\/TyerraRoan-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1440\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Tyerra Roan\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Tyerra Roan at Montana State University&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;MSU student Tyerra Roan reads the 1972 Constitutional Convention testimony of Mavis Scott and Diana Lueppe, two students from the Fort Peck Indian Reservation who helped fuel a lasting shift in Montana\u2019s public education system, at Montana State University on March 22, 2022. Credit: Image courtesy of Montana State University&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/29\/TyerraRoan-1024x576.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/29\/TyerraRoan-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Tyerra Roan\"  class=\"size-full wp-image-22597\" \/><\/a> <figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">MSU student Tyerra Roan reads the 1972 Constitutional Convention testimony of Mavis Scott and Diana Lueppe, two students from the Fort Peck Indian Reservation who helped fuel a lasting shift in Montana\u2019s public education system, at Montana State University on March 22, 2022. Credit: Image courtesy of Montana State University<\/figcaption>\r\n\r\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-conversation=\"none\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">And, Tyerra Roan, a student at MSU, read the testimony of 2 HS students from Fort Peck, Mavis Scott and Diana Leuppe, that was given at the convention. \u201cWe would like, very simply, our history, our culture and our identity,\u201d Roan said, reading from the testimony.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/NextGen?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#NextGen<\/a><\/p>&mdash; denisejuneau (@denisejuneau1) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/denisejuneau1\/status\/1506980326056218629?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 24, 2022<\/a><\/blockquote> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nOther delegates elaborated on that sentiment, including a Presbyterian minister from Poplar, a cattleman from Kirby and an attorney whose clients included the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes. In all, 14 delegates spoke in favor of Eck\u2019s amendment, and only one proposed a change. Gene Harbaugh, the Poplar minister, recommended adding \u201cin its educational goals\u201d to the amendment\u2019s language to more strongly tie it to the Constitution\u2019s guarantee of equal educational opportunity. <P><\/P>\r\n\r\nThe discussion not only addressed the appeal Scott and Lueppe had entered into the record, but transformed Article X into the Constitution\u2019s primary vehicle for Native American interests. Harbaugh openly maligned the treatment that Montana\u2019s tribes had received at the convention, saying tribal representatives were \u201cgetting the runaround\u201d from delegates shuffling their requests from one committee to another. He wasn\u2019t alone in his assessment.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\n\u201cThis has been a cop-out, and they know it,\u201d Champoux said. \u201cWhat we\u2019ve been doing, then, is pushing them back and forth between the committees in an attempt to get rid of them, and they know it.\u201d<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nThere were no Native Americans among the convention\u2019s 100 elected delegates. <P><\/P>\r\n\r\nHarbaugh\u2019s addition, and the amendment as a whole, passed with 89 delegates voting in favor and one opposing. Speaking with the Associated Press after the vote, Earl Barlow, a Blackfeet member who played an instrumental role in organizing Native testimony, called it \u201cthe dawn of a new era of understanding of our people and our culture, which is vital to our existence.\u201d<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nSharen Kickingwoman, Indigenous justice program manager at the ACLU of Montana, attributes that success largely to the groundswell of activism among Native Americans in the 1970s. The nation as a whole was shifting toward more Indigenous self-determination, she said. Tribal colleges were popping up around the country. Responding to pressure from tribal communities reeling from the widespread practice of forced adoptions, Congress passed the Indian Child Welfare Act in 1978. The discussion at Montana\u2019s Constitutional Convention about Indigenous peoples\u2019 role and representation in public education, Kickingwoman said, was a reflection of those grassroots forces.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\n\u201cTo have those conversations was a really powerful moment that was spurred by young people and really showed their power,\u201d she said.<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\">\r\n<div class=\" content_cards_card content_cards_domain_youtu-be\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"content_cards_image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_image_link\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/0ybfpXQzpkU\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/01\/maxresdefault-558.jpg\" alt=\"Joyce Silverthorne MUS IEFA\">\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_title\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/0ybfpXQzpkU\">\n\t\t\tJoyce Silverthorne MUS IEFA\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_description\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_description_link\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/0ybfpXQzpkU\">\n\t\t\t<p>Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_site_name\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/s\/desktop\/2b888666\/img\/favicon.ico\" alt=\"YouTube\" class=\"content_cards_favicon\"\/>\t\tYouTube\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">Indian Education for All \/ Montana State University: <a href=https:\/\/youtu.be\/0ybfpXQzpkU>Joyce Silverthorne <\/a>\r\n<\/figcaption>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\">\r\n\r\nWhile the Constitution\u2019s ratification officially enshrined Indigenous heritage as part of the state\u2019s educational mission, realizing that promise in Montana classrooms proved much more challenging. In the years immediately after the convention, the Legislature directed the Board of Public Education and Board of Regents to <a href=https:\/\/arc.lib.montana.edu\/constitutional-convention\/>create culturally relevant programs and develop strategies for training teachers<\/a> in Indian studies. Lawmakers also passed a bill in 1973 requiring all teachers working on or near reservations to take courses on Indian studies, but revised the requirement in 1979 to make it optional. <P><\/P>\r\n\r\nOne of the most significant post-convention developments came in 1984, when the Board of Public Education established the <a href=\"https:\/\/bpe.mt.gov\/Home\/MACIE-Mission-Statement\">Montana Advisory Council on Indian Education<\/a>, a collection of tribal representatives and education leaders charged with helping the board and the Office of Public Instruction make good on public education\u2019s constitutional mandate.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nMuch of this early history is mapped out in <a href=\"https:\/\/nasaa-arts.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Indian-Education-for-All-Montanas-Constitution-at-Work-in-Our-Schools.pdf\">a 2011 article in the Montana Law Review<\/a> penned by Carol Juneau and her daughter, Denise Juneau, both of whom played pivotal and distinct roles in strengthening Indian Education for All. In an interview with Montana Free Press, Denise Juneau characterized the implementation of the provision in the 1970s and \u201980s as a series of \u201cstarts and stops,\u201d with the earliest efforts primarily driven by tribal members keen on incorporating tribal perspectives and Indigenous languages in schools. Without funding from the state, Juneau said, the promise to recognize Indian heritage in K-12 instruction was \u201cjust sort of this lofty language\u201d in the state Constitution.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\n\u201cThere was no way to really influence or even incentivize or do anything like that,\u201d Juneau recalled. \u201cThese were all volunteers, trying to do their best to get Native content in the classrooms, and there was really no accountability from schools to make sure that that was happening.\u201d<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nLack of funding ultimately led to a lawsuit in 1985, and a ruling from the Montana Supreme Court that the state\u2019s K-12 education budget was not equitable. That decision did little to move the funding needle, however, and implementation of Indian Education for All continued to fall largely on individual educators and localized initiatives. Juneau remembered that as a public school teacher in Browning in the 1990s, she would weed through textbooks for culturally relevant material, or supplement curricula with Native author James Welch\u2019s novel \u201cFools Crow\u201d and field trips to the site of the Marias Massacre, where her students would hear directly from Blackfeet elders.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\n\u201cTeachers had to really be intentional about first learning for themselves the content that they needed to teach, and then supplementing the content that was at the school level,\u201d Juneau said.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nIn 1999, Indian Education for All finally appeared to gain traction \u2014 and an official moniker \u2014 with the Legislature\u2019s passage of an eponymously titled law. The bill was sponsored by Carol Juneau, a member of North Dakota\u2019s Mandan and Hidatsa tribes and the first president of Blackfeet Community College in Browning, and outlined a clear path for incorporating Indian Education for All into the state\u2019s curricular and accreditation standards. Even so, lawmakers continued to leave the effort unfunded, culminating in a landmark lawsuit by the Montana Quality Education Coalition in 2004. A year later, the Legislature revised its definition of \u201cquality education\u201d to include Indigenous heritage and appropriated $4.3 million to the Office of Public Instruction to provide the necessary curricula, training and grants.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nDenise Juneau was one of the first employees to join OPI\u2019s new <a href=\"https:\/\/opi.mt.gov\/Educators\/Teaching-Learning\/Indian-Education-for-All\">Indian Education for All division<\/a>, eventually going on to head the division before serving two terms as state Superintendent of Public Instruction. She sees that first chunk of state funding as critical in finally giving Indian Education for All its institutional legs.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\n\u201cOPI created over 300 lesson plans in about a year, pushed out tons of publications, worked with tribes on tribal histories,\u201d Juneau said. \u201cIt just became a very much more content-rich environment for teachers to grab onto, to learn for themselves and then to implement into the classes.\u201d<P><\/P>\r\n\r\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\">\r\n<div class=\" content_cards_card content_cards_domain_twitter-com\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"content_cards_image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_image_link\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NDNrights\/status\/1471175063168815120\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/media\/FGqp7CyWQAonsgD?format=webp&#038;name=large\" alt=\"Native American Rights Fund (@NDNrights) on X\">\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_title\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NDNrights\/status\/1471175063168815120\">\n\t\t\tNative American Rights Fund (@NDNrights) on X\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_description\">\n\t\t<a class=\"content_cards_description_link\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NDNrights\/status\/1471175063168815120\">\n\t\t\t<p>LAWSUIT SEEKS TO OVERCOME BARRIERS FOR STUDENTS AND TEACHERS: #Montana is the only state with constitution provisions and an #IndianEducationforAll Act (IEFA), which requires schools to work with tribes to teach students the history of tribes. Read: https:\/\/t.co\/i9PTT7zPvi<\/p>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"content_cards_site_name\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/favicon.ico\" alt=\"X (formerly Twitter)\" class=\"content_cards_favicon\"\/>\t\tX (formerly Twitter)\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nOn July 22, 2021, the ACLU of Montana and the nonprofit Native American Rights Fund filed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.narf.org\/nill\/documents\/20210722mt-iefa-complaint.pdf\">a class action lawsuit <\/a>accusing the state of failing to meet its constitutional obligations in Indian education. The complaint, lodged on behalf of 18 individuals and five tribal nations, claims that OPI and other state education offices have not done enough to develop and enforce adequate content standards or to work cooperatively with tribal entities to implement Indian Education for All. ACLU attorney Alex Rate said that unlike previous litigation focused on state funding, the current lawsuit centers on \u201coversight and implementation.\u201d<P><\/P>\r\n\r\n\u201cThey\u2019re not seeing Indian education robustly incorporated into public school curricula,\u201d Rate said of the plaintiffs. \u201cWhat you see instead is a sort of lip service paid to Native American Heritage Month or some instruction around Thanksgiving or things like that that really don\u2019t accord with the very broad mandate that\u2019s contained in the Constitution.\u201d<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nIn response, Attorney General Austin Knudsen filed a request in October that the case be dismissed, alleging that the plaintiffs had failed to show any actual injury. Knudsen further argued that the local control afforded to school districts in Montana\u2019s public education system means it\u2019s up to those districts, not state officials, to ensure Indian Education for All is implemented.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\n\u201cThe Legislature has given the [Superintendent of Public Instruction] limited enumerated powers and duties for the supervision of schools,\u201d Knudsen\u2019s filing read. \u201cShe does not possess general compliance authority over all education matters and lacks the power to withhold or impact IEFA funding.\u201d<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nThe case is still in its early stages in Cascade County District Court, where a judge has yet to rule on the state\u2019s motion to dismiss. But the lawsuit, filed just shy of the constitution\u2019s 50th anniversary, underscores the ongoing challenges to making Indian Education for All a reality. <P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\"mt-1 mb-1\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-8411603009680747\" data-ad-slot=\"6394965691\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div><p><\/p>\r\nEven as they applaud the progress made so far, Indian Education for All advocates recognize that Indigenous heritage is far from a guaranteed presence in every Montana classroom. And while the Montana University System has taken steps in the past decade to better reflect Indigenous culture on state campuses and offer more diverse courses on Indian history and languages, critics have accused higher education of moving slowly on the issue as well.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nThough Knudsen refutes OPI\u2019s oversight responsibilities on the legal stage, the agency has continued to develop instructional materials, model curricula and professional development webinars for teachers focused on Indian education. Among the moves by Superintendent Elsie Arntzen lauded by OPI is the separation of the agency\u2019s Indian Education for All staff into its own distinct unit. <P><\/P>\r\n\r\nAccording to joint written responses from unit Director Zack Hawkins and Indian Education Specialist Mike Jetty, OPI also introduced new social studies standards last year that include Indian Education for All at all grade levels. The two noted that OPI\u2019s future goals include continuing to host an annual Indian Education for All Best Practices Conference for educators, working with college campuses to raise awareness of Indian education in their teacher preparation programs, and immersing K-12 students in Indian language preservation.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nFor Kickingwoman, the importance of exposing Native and non-Native students alike to Indigenous culture can\u2019t be overstated. She\u2019s a member of the Blackfeet and Gros Ventre tribes who grew up in Missoula, and said it wasn\u2019t until college that she had a Native teacher. Being the only Native student in her K-12 classrooms was \u201can isolating experience,\u201d she continued, and she found that a lack of understanding among her non-Native peers about nearby tribal cultures often resulted in their reliance on inaccurate stereotypes.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\n\u201cHaving that knowledge, especially localized as to what\u2019s happening, founded in truth, I think will build a lot of bridges,\u201d Kickingwoman said.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\nDenise Juneau doesn\u2019t have to think long for an example of what Indian Education for All can and, in some places, does look like at the classroom level. She recalled hearing from a Missoula teacher who invited a Salish educator to visit with her students. The presenter displayed some cultural items and played a drum song, which, Juneau said, roused the attention of a Blackfeet student who\u2019d had trouble engaging in class.<P><\/P>\r\n\r\n\u201cThe next day, this kid showed up in class with the drum and sang Honor Song, and basically after that was sort of engaged in the classroom because he had seen himself present in the classroom setting,\u201d Juneau continued. \u201cThat is a powerful story about seeing yourself and seeing your culture represented.\u201d<P><\/P>\r\n<HR><EM>\r\nStaff reporter Alex Sakariassen covers the education beat and the state Legislature for Montana Free Press. Alex spent the past decade writing long-form narrative stories that spotlight the people, the politics, and the wilds of Montana. A North Dakota native, he splits his free time between Missoula\u2019s ski slopes and the quiet trout water of the Rocky Mountain Front. Contact Alex by email at asakariassen@montanafreepress.org.<\/em><HR>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<strong>Note: This story originally <a href=\"https:\/\/montanafreepress.org\/2022\/03\/23\/montana-constitution-indian-education\/\">appeared on Montana Free Press<\/a>. It is published under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/us\/\">Creative Commons license<\/a>.<\/strong>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Integrating Native heritage into public education is a goal that\u2019s been ensconced in the Montana Constitution for 50 years.","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22597,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[18,13,1,14],"tags":[250,2674,430,2668,2671,2669,2672,639,2670,249,194,8,2673,102],"class_list":["post-22584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","category-law","category-national","category-politics","tag-blackfeet","tag-carol-juneau","tag-cskt","tag-denise-juneau","tag-diana-leuppe","tag-dorothy-eck","tag-earl-barlow","tag-fort-peck","tag-mavis-scott","tag-montana","tag-montana-free-press","tag-narf","tag-sharen-kickingwoman","tag-youth","no-wpautop"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pcoJ7g-5Sg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/29\/TyerraRoan-scaled.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22584","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22584"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22584\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22597"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}