{"id":19930,"date":"2022-01-14T19:23:52","date_gmt":"2022-01-15T00:23:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.indianz.com\/News\/?p=19930"},"modified":"2022-01-14T19:23:53","modified_gmt":"2022-01-15T00:23:53","slug":"scotusblog-supreme-court-takes-action-in-covid-19-vaccine-cases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/01\/14\/scotusblog-supreme-court-takes-action-in-covid-19-vaccine-cases\/","title":{"rendered":"SCOTUSBlog: Supreme Court takes action in COVID-19 vaccine cases"},"content":{"rendered":" <a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/01\/14\/scotusblog-supreme-court-takes-action-in-covid-19-vaccine-cases\/kansas-national-guard-teams-with-us-supreme-court-police\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-19934\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" data-attachment-id=\"19934\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/2022\/01\/14\/scotusblog-supreme-court-takes-action-in-covid-19-vaccine-cases\/kansas-national-guard-teams-with-us-supreme-court-police\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/14\/supremecourt-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1707\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;5.6&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Michigan National Guard&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 7D Mark II&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Capt. James Westhoff, operations officer, left, and Sgt. 1st Class Jennifer Milnes, public affairs specialist, center, both with the Kansas National Guard, confer with U.S. Supreme Court Police Officer Tyler Sheehy, right, in front of the U.S. Supreme Court building in Washington, D.C., Feb. 5, 2021. The National Guard has been requested to continue supporting federal law enforcement agencies with security, communications, medical evacuation, logistics, and safety support to state, district and federal agencies through mid-March. (Army National Guard photo by Capt. Joe Legros)&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1612501200&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;Public Domain&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;32&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.003125&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Kansas National Guard Teams with US Supreme Court Police&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"U.S. Supreme Court\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Members of the Kansas National Guard speak with an officer from the U.S. Supreme Court during a COVID-19 related deployment to Washington, D.C., back in February 2021. Photo by &lt;a href=https:\/\/www.dvidshub.net\/image\/6511006\/kansas-national-guard-teams-with-us-supreme-court-police&gt;Capt. Joe Legros \/ Michigan National Guard&lt;\/a&gt;  &lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/14\/supremecourt-1024x683.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/14\/supremecourt-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. Supreme Court\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19934\" \/><\/a> <figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">Members of the Kansas National Guard speak with an officer from the U.S. Supreme Court during a COVID-19 related deployment to Washington, D.C., back in February 2021. Photo by <a href=https:\/\/www.dvidshub.net\/image\/6511006\/kansas-national-guard-teams-with-us-supreme-court-police>Capt. Joe Legros \/ Michigan National Guard<\/a>  <\/figcaption>\r\n<div class=\"h3-responsive font-weight-bold\">Fractured court blocks vaccine-or-test requirement for large workplaces but green-lights vaccine mandate for health care workers<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"date\">Friday, January 14, 2022<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"byline\">By Amy Howe<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"source\">SCOTUSBlog<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"source-links\"><a href=https:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/>scotusblog.com<\/a><\/div>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\nWith <a href=\/covid19\/>COVID-19<\/a> cases and hospitalizations reaching a new record high as a result of the Omicron variant, the Supreme Court on Thursday put the Biden administration\u2019s vaccine-or-test mandate for large employers on hold, while litigation over its legality continues in the lower courts. \r\n<P><\/P>\r\nOver a dissent from the court\u2019s three liberal justices, <a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/15\/21a244_hgci.pdf\">the court ruled that the Occupational Safety and Health Administration exceeded its power<\/a> in issuing the mandate. Congress may have given OSHA the power to regulate workplace dangers, the court explained, but it \u201chas not given that agency the power to regulate public health more broadly.\u201d At the same time, the justices \u2013 by a vote of 5-4 \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/15\/21a240_d18e.pdf\">granted the administration\u2019s request<\/a> to be allowed to temporarily enforce a vaccine mandate for health care workers at facilities that receive federal funding. <p><\/p>\r\nThe orders that the justices issued on Thursday afternoon were the latest chapter in the fast-moving vaccine disputes. After the cases came to the Supreme Court in December on an emergency basis, the justices opted to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/2021\/12\/justices-will-hear-arguments-on-jan-7-in-challenges-to-biden-vaccine-policies\/\">expedite the cases for oral argument<\/a> on whether the mandates can remain in place while the challenges proceed in the lower courts. The court heard <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/2022\/01\/court-seems-poised-to-block-vaccine-or-test-policy-for-workplaces-but-may-allow-vaccine-mandate-for-health-care-workers\/\">nearly four hours of arguments<\/a> on the policies on January 7 and issued a pair of unsigned opinions just six days later.<p><\/p>\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"300\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" allow=\"autoplay\" src=\"https:\/\/w.soundcloud.com\/player\/?url=https%3A\/\/api.soundcloud.com\/tracks\/1195375591&#038;color=%23ff5500&#038;auto_play=false&#038;hide_related=false&#038;show_comments=true&#038;show_user=true&#038;show_reposts=false&#038;show_teaser=true&#038;visual=true\"><\/iframe><div style=\"font-size: 10px; color: #cccccc;line-break: anywhere;word-break: normal;overflow: hidden;white-space: nowrap;text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Interstate,Lucida Grande,Lucida Sans Unicode,Lucida Sans,Garuda,Verdana,Tahoma,sans-serif;font-weight: 100;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/indianz\" title=\"indianz\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;\" rel=\"noopener\">indianz<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/indianz\/national-federation-of-independent-business-v-department-of-labor\" title=\"National Federation of Independent Business v. Department of Labor\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;\" rel=\"noopener\">National Federation of Independent Business v. Department of Labor<\/a><\/div>\r\n<figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">Indianz.Com Audio: <a href=https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/indianz\/national-federation-of-independent-business-v-department-of-labor>U.S. Supreme Court &#8211; National Federation of Independent Business v. Department of Labor &#8211; January 7, 2022<\/a>\r\n<\/figcaption>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">The OSHA case<\/div>\r\nOSHA issued the vaccine-or-test mandate at the center of <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/case-files\/cases\/national-federation-of-independent-business-v-osha\/\">National Federation of Independent Business v. Department of Labor<\/a><\/em> in November. It required all employers with 100 or more employees \u2013 roughly two-thirds of the private sector \u2013 to compel those employees to either be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 or to be tested weekly and wear masks at work. The government expected the mandate to cover 84 million workers.<p><\/p>\r\nBusinesses, states, and nonprofits went to court to challenge the mandate, and on Thursday the Supreme Court granted their request to put it on hold. Describing the mandate as a \u201csignificant encroachment into the lives \u2014 and health \u2014 of a vast number of employees,\u201d the court emphasized that Congress must speak clearly if it intends to give a federal agency the authority to \u201cexercise powers of vast economic and political significance.\u201d<p><\/p>\r\nIn this case, the court continued, Congress did not. It gave the Department of Labor the power to establish safety standards for the workplace, rather than \u201cbroad public health measures.\u201d Although COVID-19 \u201cis a risk that occurs in many workplaces,\u201d the court acknowledged, it isn\u2019t a risk that workers encounter simply by virtue of being at work \u2013 COVID-19 spreads virtually anywhere that people gather. \r\n<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">U.S. Supreme Court Decision: National Federation of Independent Business v. Department of Labor [<a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/15\/21a244_hgci.pdf\">PDF<\/a>]<\/div>\r\n<div class=row><div class=col-8>\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-pdfemb-pdf-embedder-viewer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/15\/21a244_hgci.pdf\" class=\"pdfemb-viewer\" style=\"\" data-width=\"max\" data-height=\"max\" data-toolbar=\"both\" data-toolbar-fixed=\"on\">21a244_hgci<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n\u201cPermitting OSHA to regulate the hazards of daily life \u2014 simply because most Americans have jobs and face those same risks while on the clock \u2014 would significantly expand OSHA\u2019s regulatory authority without clear congressional authorization,\u201d the court concluded. And indeed, the court noted, the fact that OSHA has never adopted a similar regulation is a \u201ctelling indication\u201d that the vaccine-or-test mandate exceeds the agency\u2019s power.<p><\/p>\r\n\r\nThe court then turned briefly to each side\u2019s description of the effects of the policy. The challengers, the court observed, contended that the mandate would cost the states and employers billions of dollars and would prompt hundreds of thousands of employees to quit. The Biden administration, on the other hand, argued that the mandate would \u201csave over 6,500 lives and prevent hundreds of thousands of hospitalizations.\u201d But in the end, the court posited, other government actors \u2013 who are politically accountable \u2013 must \u201cweigh such tradeoffs,\u201d rather than the justices.<p><\/p><div class=\"mt-1 mb-1\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-8411603009680747\" data-ad-slot=\"6394965691\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div><p><\/p>\r\nJustices Stephen Breyer, Sonia Sotomayor, and Elena Kagan penned a rare joint dissent in which they complained that employees, \u201cmore than any others,\u201d have \u201clittle control, and therefore little capacity to mitigate risk\u201d from the spread of COVID-19. The majority\u2019s ruling, they contended, \u201cstymies the Federal Government\u2019s ability to counter the unparalleled threat that COVID-19 poses to our Nation\u2019s workers.\u201d<p><\/p>\r\nThe dissenters tackled the same question that was at the heart of a concurring opinion filed by Justice Neil Gorsuch (and joined by Justices Clarence Thomas and Samuel Alito): Who should decide how to respond to the pandemic? For Gorsuch, the \u201canswer is clear\u201d: the states and Congress. The dissenters reached a very different conclusion: OSHA, with its expertise in workplace safety and its status as a politically accountable government agency, is better suited to make decisions about how to protect workers from COVID-19 than \u201ca court, lacking any knowledge of how to safeguard workplaces, and insulated from responsibility for any damage it causes.\u201d<p><\/p>\r\nThe vaccine-or-test mandate will remain on hold while the challenges to its legality continue in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 6th Circuit.<p><\/p>\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"300\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" allow=\"autoplay\" src=\"https:\/\/w.soundcloud.com\/player\/?url=https%3A\/\/api.soundcloud.com\/tracks\/1195377565&#038;color=%23ff5500&#038;auto_play=false&#038;hide_related=false&#038;show_comments=true&#038;show_user=true&#038;show_reposts=false&#038;show_teaser=true&#038;visual=true\"><\/iframe><div style=\"font-size: 10px; color: #cccccc;line-break: anywhere;word-break: normal;overflow: hidden;white-space: nowrap;text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Interstate,Lucida Grande,Lucida Sans Unicode,Lucida Sans,Garuda,Verdana,Tahoma,sans-serif;font-weight: 100;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/indianz\" title=\"indianz\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;\" rel=\"noopener\">indianz<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/indianz\/biden-v-missouri\" title=\"Biden v. Missouri\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;\" rel=\"noopener\">Biden v. Missouri<\/a><\/div>\r\n<figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">Indianz.Com Audio: <a href=https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/indianz\/biden-v-missouri>U.S. Supreme Court &#8211; Biden v. Missouri &#8211; January 7, 2022<\/a>\r\n<\/figcaption>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">The health care vaccine case<\/div>\r\nIn <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/case-files\/cases\/biden-v-missouri\/\">Biden v. Missouri<\/a><\/em>, the justices agreed to allow the Biden administration to enforce nationwide a rule that requires nearly all health care workers at facilities that participate in the Medicare and Medicaid programs to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 unless they qualify for a medical or religious exemption. The Department of Health and Human Services issued the rule, which applies to more than 10 million workers, in November, but two federal district courts \u2013 in Missouri and Louisiana \u2013 put the rule on hold in roughly half the states.<p><\/p>\r\nIn an unsigned opinion, the court emphasized that a key responsibility of the Department of Health and Human Services is \u201cto ensure that the healthcare providers who care for Medicare and Medicaid patients protect their patients\u2019 health and safety.\u201d To do so, HHS has long required those providers to comply with a variety of conditions if they want to receive Medicare and Medicaid funding. <p><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"h5-responsive sub\">U.S. Supreme Court Decision: Biden v. Missouri [<a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/15\/21a240_d18e.pdf\">PDF<\/a>]<\/div>\r\n<div class=row><div class=col-8>\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-pdfemb-pdf-embedder-viewer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/15\/21a240_d18e.pdf\" class=\"pdfemb-viewer\" style=\"\" data-width=\"max\" data-height=\"max\" data-toolbar=\"both\" data-toolbar-fixed=\"on\">21a240_d18e<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\nBecause COVID-19 \u201cis a highly contagious, dangerous, and \u2014 especially for Medicare and Medicaid patients \u2014 deadly disease,\u201d HHS determined that a vaccine mandate was necessary to protect patients because it would decrease the chances that health care workers would both contract the virus and pass it on to their patients. Such a mandate, the court wrote, \u201cfits neatly within\u201d the power given to HHS by Congress.<p><\/p>\r\nJustice Clarence Thomas filed a dissenting opinion that was joined by Alito, Gorsuch, and Justice Amy Coney Barrett. Thomas complained that the Biden administration \u201cproposes to find virtually unlimited vaccination power, over millions of healthcare workers, in\u201d what he described as a \u201chodgepodge\u201d of statutes \u2013 \u201cin definitional provisions, a saving clause, and a provision regarding long-term care facilities\u2019 sanitation procedures.\u201d \r\n<P><\/P>\r\nThe Biden administration had not adequately explained, as far as Thomas was concerned, why Congress would have given HHS such power in relatively minor provisions. And indeed, Thomas noted, if Congress had wanted to give HHS the power to impose a vaccine mandate, \u201cit would have done what it has done elsewhere \u2014 specifically authorize one.\u201d<p><\/p>\r\n<HR><EM>\r\nThis article was  \r\n<a href=https:\/\/amylhowe.com\/2022\/01\/13\/fractured-court-blocks-vaccine-or-test-requirement-for-large-workplaces-but-green-lights-vaccine-mandate-for-health-care-workers\/>originally published at Howe on the Court<\/a> and <a href=https:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/2022\/01\/fractured-court-blocks-vaccine-or-test-requirement-for-large-workplaces-but-green-lights-vaccine-mandate-for-health-care-workers\/>appears on SCOTUSBlog<\/a>, the Supreme Court of the United States Blog, on January 13, 2022. It is republished here under a <a href=http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/us\/>Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 US)<\/a>.<\/em><HR>\r\n<P><\/P>\r\n<strong>Recommended Citation:<\/strong> Amy Howe, <EM>Fractured court blocks vaccine-or-test requirement for large workplaces but green-lights vaccine mandate for health care workers<\/em>, SCOTUSblog (Jan. 13, 2022, 4:41 PM), https:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/2022\/01\/fractured-court-blocks-vaccine-or-test-requirement-for-large-workplaces-but-green-lights-vaccine-mandate-for-health-care-workers\/","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"With COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations reaching a new record high, the U.S. Supreme Court put the Biden administration\u2019s vaccine-or-test mandate for large employers on hold, while litigation continues over its legality.","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19934,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,19,13,1,14],"tags":[2379,390,745,1828,170,5,1978,2380,121,248,53,2302,429,2300,1622,1310,661,1331,84],"class_list":["post-19930","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","category-health","category-law","category-national","category-politics","tag-6th-circuit","tag-amy-coney-barrett","tag-clarence-thomas","tag-cms","tag-congress","tag-coronavirus","tag-dol","tag-elena-kagan","tag-employment","tag-hhs","tag-joe-biden","tag-missouri","tag-neil-gorsuch","tag-osha","tag-samuel-alito","tag-scotusblog","tag-sonia-sotomayor","tag-stephen-breyer","tag-supreme-court","no-wpautop"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/14\/supremecourt-scaled.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pcoJ7g-5bs","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19930","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19930"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19930\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19934"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19930"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19930"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indianz.com\/News\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19930"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}